Term
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Definition
| A system of symbols, myths, doctrines, ethics, and rituals for the expression of ultimate relevance |
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Term
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Definition
| something that is used to represent something else |
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Term
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Definition
| prescribed, formalized actions that are used to dramatize religious symbols |
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Term
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Definition
| the attempt to manipulate spiritual forces |
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Definition
| the specific teachings of a denomination on the nature of a diety |
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Term
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Definition
| the position that only one diety exists |
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Term
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Definition
| the position that many dieties exist |
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Term
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Definition
| the blending that takes place when different religions come into contact |
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Term
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Definition
| the doctrine that there are spirits in everything |
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Term
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Definition
| the position that no deities exist |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| people who are strict about their religious doctrine and ethics and take a literal interpretation of scriptures |
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Term
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Definition
| attempt to use philosophy and rational elaboration in order to explain or argue religious doctrine |
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Definition
| father, creator God has withdrawn from active intervention in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| use of a ritual to manipulate spirits or natural phenomena |
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Definition
| stone monument centers for rituals |
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Definition
| ritual offering of something to deity; human sacrifice practiced by some religions |
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Definition
| medicine man figure prominent in religion of tribal cultures |
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Definition
| something forbidden for ordinary use |
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Definition
| puberty rite of American Indians; young man is sent into wilderness for communion with spirits |
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Definition
| a region of civilizations arising between Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
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Definition
| Mecedonian conqueror, spreading Greek culture to Middle East, bringing in Hellenistic era around 300 B.C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| a diety having human form |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek Olympian deity representing reason, moderation |
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Term
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Definition
| 384-322 B.C.E. Greek philisopher, emphasized reason, observation, moderation;influenced |
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Term
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Definition
| (Catholic), Averroes (Muslim), and Maimonides (Jewish) |
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Term
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Definition
| period of great religious and philosophical speculation, 600 B.C.E.- 200C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| deities representing powers of the earth (Greek) |
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Term
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Definition
| mother goddess from ASia Minor, popular in Rome in the early common era; self-castration ritual |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek philosophy offshoot of Socrtes; reject all social conventions; asceticism, members were hermits |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek philiosophy offshoot of Socrates; reject all social convention; pursue pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
| 460-370 B.C.E. Greek philosopher, "Atoms are the material from which everything is made", no afterlife, hedonistic |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek god of wine and ecstatic rites, son of Zeus; his mystery cult involved devouring live animals |
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Definition
| attempting to foretell the future through various rituals |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek monistic philosophers who denied the existence of change |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek, Hellenistic cult; mother-daughter goddesses; secret initiation rites |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek philosophy, materialist, hedonit, "We free man from fear of death and religion" |
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Term
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Definition
| Fertility goddess prevalent in Hellenistic times |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek culture in the time after Alexander (300 B.C.E.) |
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Term
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Definition
| 6-5th century B.C.E. Greek philisopher "All is flame, change", attacked popular religion superstition |
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Term
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Definition
| Egyptian and Hellenistic mother goddess, theistic, answered prayer |
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Term
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Definition
| Iranian son god who became n important cult among Roman soldiers; secret rituals, bull sacrifice |
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Term
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Definition
| all reality is of a single thing |
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Term
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Definition
| ancient Greek pantheon which included anthropomorphic deities such as Zeus |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek shrines for divination |
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Term
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Definition
| 6th century B.C.E. ancient Greek mystery cult, emphasized afterlife, vegetarianism, asceticism, secret rituals, music |
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Term
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Definition
| Egyptian and Hellenistic god; dying and rising, judge of the dead |
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Term
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Definition
| a structured relationship between polytheistic deities |
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Term
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Definition
| 429-347 B.C.E. Greek philosopher, "The physical world is but a physical manifestation of ideal forms," dualist, reincarnation, ideal controlled society |
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Term
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Definition
| 570-500 B.C.E. Greek mathematician and cult leader, reincarnation, vegetarianism, and secret rituals, ascetic |
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Term
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Definition
| 470-399 B.C.E. Greek philosopher, executed for allegedly challenging traditional religion |
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Term
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Definition
| head deity of thunderbolt in Greek Pantheon; known as Jupiter in Rome; anthropomorphic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| was accused of corrupting the morals of Athenian youth. Came up with the "Socratic Method"- asking a series of questions in order to draw out his opponent in dialogue |
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Term
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Definition
| Was a student of Socrates. Developed view of the ideal sociopolitical order. He was a dualist who divided reality into a lower realm of matter and a higher level of forms (geometric shapes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Studied under Plato-acknowledged that people were at their best when they interacted with others in society, performing their roles dutifully rather than seeking private self-interest. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| First Inca emperor and direct descendent of sun god |
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Term
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Definition
| Indian term for the relations among past deeds, present character, and future fate. All acts have unavoidable consequences |
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Term
| Hindu Stages of (Male) Life |
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Definition
Stage 1: student, meditation with Guru
Stage 2: householder, marriage, career, kids
Stage 3: retired, disengagement from meterial concerns
Stage 4: mendicant, live as wandering beggar |
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Term
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Definition
| meditation, experience samadhi, unite with Brahman |
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Term
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Definition
| study scripture, understand the doctrine |
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Term
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Definition
| Love, theistic devotion to a personal God or Goddess |
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Term
| Six required acts in Contemporary Hinduism |
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Definition
1. teaching
2.studying
3.sacrificing for himself
4. sacrificing for others
5. making gifts
6. receiving gifts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Period of Reform and Elaboration |
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Definition
| 300-1200 CE, the various movements that criticized or amplified the vedic heritage resulted in a full reform and elaboration of Hindusim |
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Term
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Definition
Reasonableness of shruti
Bhagavata
Vishnu
Bhakti cults
Ramanuja |
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Term
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Definition
| devotion to Shiva, Pashupati-cremation ashes, eating excrement, carrion or human flesh;drinking from human skulls;simulating sexual intercourse;frenzied dancing. Targeting Buddhists and Jains, Fire and Skull |
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Term
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Definition
| In the vedas, the male deity was accomplished by a female consort, who represented his energetic force (shakti), focus on secret lore, doctrine or practices, Chakrapuja (circle worship), Kundalini |
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Term
| The Period of Foreign Challenge |
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Definition
| From about 1200 CE on, Hinduism increasingly contended with foreign cultures, rulers, and religions. Islam, Christianity, Sikhism |
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Term
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Definition
| Contemporary guru, spiritual "mother" to numerous followers in present day Madras, Sannyasi, one day in the life of MaJnanananda |
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Term
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Definition
| a term implying peaceful interaction with other beings; non-injury |
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Term
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Definition
| self denial of pleasure, self-imposition of hardship to achieve spiritual advancement |
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Term
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Definition
| Upanishad concept that the human soul, which at its core is equivalent to Brahman |
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Term
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Definition
| an incarnation of a Hindu deity |
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu book written by 200 C.E. in the wake of the Upanishads, Buddhism, and Jaimism, it is accepted karma and transmigration, but discouraged the mystical approach to salvation, defending instead devotion to caste duties and theistic devotion to specific deities |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| absolute reality, the pantheistic deity of Upanishads and Vedanta Hinduism |
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Term
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Definition
| the highest caste (priests) in India |
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu rigid system of heredity social class |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddhist and Hindu term for doctrine |
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Term
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Definition
| 1869-1948 nonviolent leader of political independence in India |
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Term
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Definition
| a Hindu, Jain, or Sikh spiritual leader or teacher |
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Term
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Definition
| syncretism of Aryans & Indigenous peoples of India; emphasis on caste & Vedas; both polytheism & pantheism |
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Term
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Definition
| doctrine of two forces or realms |
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Term
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Definition
| a very ascetic Indian religion, atheist, dualist, non-injury to animals; Mahavira was its major proponent in the 6th century B.C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu goddess, consort of Shiva, demands sacrifice |
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu avatar of Visnu, hero of Bhagavad Gita |
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Term
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Definition
| 6th century B.C.E. title given to a major figure in Jainism, emphasis on meditation, asceticism, non-injury |
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Term
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Definition
| all reality is of a single thing |
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Term
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Definition
| using contemplation to achieve union with God; the experience is ecstatic, ineffable |
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Term
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Definition
| "all is god" doctrine found in Upanishads |
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Term
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Definition
| modern remnants of Zoroastrianism, found in India, Pakistan, Iran |
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Term
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Definition
| doctrine, "souls are recycled into new bodies |
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu title for a guru, inspired writer |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddhist formula for spiritual life on earth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| religion blending some elements of Islam and Hinduism, founded by Nanak in 15th century in Northern India |
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Term
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Definition
| honorific title given to Hindu sage |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddhist and Hindu cults emphasizing salvation by sinful ecstasy |
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Term
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Definition
| View of God as all-powerful, all knowiing transcendent Creator Deity, usually capable of personal contact and answering prayer |
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Term
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Definition
| reincarnation of soul into other bodies after death |
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu writings 800-200B.C.E.; mystical, pantheistic, monist; concept of Brahman |
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu sect emphasizing pantheism, mysticism, asceticism |
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Term
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Definition
| earliest and most sacred of all Hindu literature; describe Aryan conquest, polytheistic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hindu bodily exercises for mystical experience |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Second caste, warriors, nobles |
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Term
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Definition
| Third Caste, merchants, artisans |
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Term
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Definition
| Bottom of caste, unskilled workers, peasants |
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Term
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Definition
| Hymns manifesting mythology and prayers |
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Term
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Definition
| Material concerning magic of special interest to Brahmins |
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Term
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Definition
| Mantras chanted at various sacrifices of soma |
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Term
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Definition
| Priestly textbook on the Vedic ritual as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| Festival of colors and spring (Feb-March) |
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Term
| Mahashivarati (Shiva Ratri) |
|
Definition
| night scared to Shiva (Feb-March) |
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Term
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Definition
| birthday of Lord Rama (April) |
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Term
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Definition
| birthday of Lord Krishna (July-August) |
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Term
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Definition
| pilgrimage every 12 years to four cities in India (July-August; last one 2003) |
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Term
| Ganesha-Chaturthi (Ganesha Utsava) |
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Definition
| festival of Ganesh (August-September) |
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Term
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Definition
| victory of Rama over demon king Ravana (Sept-October) |
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Term
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Definition
| festival of Shakti (in Bengal) or Rama's victory over Ravena (South India) (Sept-October) |
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Term
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Definition
| festival of lights and Laksmi (Sept-October) |
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Term
Vaishnavism
Shaktism
Shaivism
Smartism |
|
Definition
| Four major devotional sects of Hinduism |
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Term
| Yoga, Purva Mimamsa, Uttara Mimamsa, Vaisheshika(Vedanta), Nyaya, Samkhya |
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Definition
| Six Philosophical Schools of Hinduism |
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Term
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Definition
| Who said: "There is no Hindu, there is no Muslim, so whose path shall I follow? I shall follow the path of God |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese sun goddess; ancestor of the Emperor |
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Term
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Definition
| male cosmic energy principle in ancient China |
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Term
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Definition
| Emperor who spread Buddhism in Southeast Asia |
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Term
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Definition
| a Buddha who decides to stay in this world to help the rest of us; a personal savior or role model in Mahayana Buddhism |
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Term
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Definition
| the indigenous religion of Tibet, before Buddhism |
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Term
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Definition
| "enlightened one", mystic Siddharta Gautama Sayka was the original Buddha around 500 B.C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| monastic, soteriological religion, founded by Gautama; proselytizing, spread from India to East |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese code of knights' chivalry; blends Confucian ethics, Shinto ritual, Zen self-discipline |
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Term
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Definition
| a 20th century Vietnamese sect synthesizing Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity, and indigenous animistic traditions |
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Term
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Definition
| a central Buddhist virtue exemplified by Bodhisattvas |
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Term
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Definition
| Chinese philosopher, teacher, emphasized duty to family, unequal relationships moderation |
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Term
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Definition
| also called Taoism; Chinese religion; emphasis on nature mysticism (Laozi), alchemy, hermits |
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Term
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Definition
| a central Buddhist virtue of the Theravada school: do not get too concerned about the world's suffering |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddhist and Hindu term for doctrine, duty, or teaching |
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Term
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Definition
| in Buddhism, the mental & spiritual state of salvation; also an 18th century European movement emphasizing science, secularism, humanism |
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Term
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Definition
| devotion, respect, ritual performance for one's family and ancestors |
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Term
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Definition
| 6th century B.C.E. Indian prince who became the Buddha, a mystic who proselytized, developed monasteries |
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Term
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Definition
| a handbook for ancient Chinese divination using hexagrams |
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Term
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Definition
| Zen riddle or mental puzzle, designed to produce enlightment |
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Term
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Definition
| Tibetan Buddhist head monk |
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Term
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Definition
| 6th century B.C.E. Chinese, mystical Daoist; opposed social conventions; "Follow nature, unite with the Dao", advocated perfect government of minimal structure |
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Term
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Definition
| "big ferryboat" Buddhist common in China, Japan; emphasizes bodhisattvas, "worship buddha as savior" |
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Term
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Definition
| Chinese religion which taught love and personal heaven; founder Mo Ti (Mozi) 475-395 B.C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| 13th century Japanese Buddhist prophet, demanded a national shrine; emphasized chanting, inspired Soka Gakkai |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddhist concept of salvation;liberation from the cycle of suffering and reincarnation |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddhist doctrine that life is suffering caused by desire |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddhist temple or shrine used for ritual activity |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese title for Buddhist master teacher, a guru |
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Term
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Definition
| clan to which Gautama Buddha was born |
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Term
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Definition
| a term used especially in Japan to describe Siddhartha Gautama Sakya, in order to distinguish him from other Buddhas |
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Term
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Definition
| Zen Buddhist term for mystical experience |
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Term
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Definition
| indigenous Japanese religion; emphasizes nature, spirits, clan, ancestors, nation |
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Term
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Definition
| modern Japanese Buddhist sect stressing chanting for financial success, political power, inspired by 13th century prophet Nichiren |
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Term
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Definition
| a Buddhist burial site which has become a shrine |
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Term
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Definition
| Hinayana Buddhism; predominant in southeast Asia; emphasize individual salvation |
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Term
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Definition
| Buddhist and Jain symbol for life as suffering and transmigration |
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Term
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Definition
| female cosmic energy principle in ancient China |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chinese school of folk medicine, divination |
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Term
|
Definition
| a meditative, mystical sect of Buddhism in China, Japan |
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Term
|
Definition
| right view, right aim, right speech, right action, right living, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration |
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Term
|
Definition
| All of life is suffering, The cause of suffering is craving, The end of suffering is getting rid of craving and grasping, The method to use in overcoming suffering is the Eighfold Path |
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Term
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Definition
| mythical patriarch of the Hebrews, founder of Judaism, "obey the one God" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prejudice against Jews; this has a long history in the actions of the early Church and later Western civilization |
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Term
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Definition
| Jewish puberty rite; at age 13 the boy is accepted as an adult in this religion |
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Term
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Definition
| esoteric Jewish mysticism arose in Spain in Middle Ages; influenced numerology, searching for a mathematical code in the Torah |
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Term
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Definition
| male initiation rite, removal of foreskin |
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Term
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Definition
| accomodates to the modern world, but tries to keep Jewish traditions alive; large in U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| contract between people or between God and His people (especially ancient Israel) |
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Term
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Definition
| Rome's forcible dispersion of the Jews from Palestine after 70 C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| a Hebrew name used for God in the Old Testament |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st century pietistic, apocalyptic Jewish sect; Dead Sea settlements |
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Term
|
Definition
| period when Jews were carried off to Babylon in 586 B.C.E. |
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Term
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Definition
| Jewish and Christian term for people who are not of Jewish origin |
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Term
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Definition
| mysticism of contemporary pietistic orthodox Jews, emphasis on singing |
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Term
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Definition
| the language in which the Old Testament was written; also, the people who left Egypt with Moses |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st century rabbi, silver rule, provided guidelines for interpretation and commentary on Torah |
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Term
|
Definition
| the Nazi attempt to exterminate the Jews in concentration camps |
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Term
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Definition
| biblical kingdom founded by ancient Hebrews; modern nation created by U.N. as Jewish homeland (Israelis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hebrew and Christian name for God |
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Term
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Definition
| Jewish rules of propriety (especially dietary, e.g. abstinence from pork, rules for meal preparation) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd century B.C.E. Jews fought against Romans |
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Term
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Definition
| 1135-1204 medieval Spanish Jew who synthesized Greek philisophy and Judaism |
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Term
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Definition
| expected Jewish savior king; Christians accept Jesus as the Messiah |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1200 B.C.E. prophet who led Hebrews out of Egypt; received Ten Commandments |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the Bible written before Jesus, including the Jewish Torah, and writings of the Hebrew and Israelite prophets |
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Term
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Definition
| strict form of modern Judaism adhering to teachings of Torah, Fundamentalist |
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Term
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Definition
| geographical area in which ancient and modern Israel have been established; also a proposed Arab nation in that region |
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Term
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Definition
| Greek term for the first five books of the Bible |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st century Jewish lay movement emphasizing rigid adherence to Torah traditions |
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Term
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Definition
| member of clergy in modern Judaism, more of a teacher than priest or prophet |
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Term
|
Definition
| least strict branch of contemporary Judaism, largest in the US |
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Term
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Definition
| a 1st century C.E. Jewish sect representing higher socio-economic classes, wanted stable society and accommodation with Greek culture & Roman law, denied resurrection, angels, suppressed Jesus |
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Term
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Definition
| the building for worship in modern Judaism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Jewish commentary on the Torah, completed about 500 C.E. |
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Term
|
Definition
| building for performance of rituals |
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Term
|
Definition
| Jewish canon; first five books of Old Testament; the Pentateuch |
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Term
|
Definition
| a Hebrew name for God in the Torah |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1st century Jews seeking military rebellion against Rome |
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Term
|
Definition
| 19th-20th century movement to return Jews against Rome |
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Term
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Definition
Circumcision
Bris
Bar Mitzvah
BatMitzvah
Marriage
Funeral Rites |
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Term
|
Definition
| major figures in the early Church |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1225-1274 Catholic theologian; synthesized Aristotle with Catholicism |
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Term
|
Definition
| early Christian heresy of Arius, " the father is greater than the son" |
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Term
|
Definition
| 354-430 Catholic theologian who synthesized Plato & Christianity; the Church administers the sacraments; major opponent of Pelagius and Donatus |
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Term
|
Definition
| Initiation/conversion rite of water immersion |
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Term
|
Definition
| large Protestant denomination; emphasizes adult Baptism by full immersion |
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Term
|
Definition
| the basic Christian canon, the books of the Old and New Testaments |
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Term
|
Definition
| a member of the clergy having direct authority over other priests or ministers |
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Term
|
Definition
| an official list, especially of scripture that religious leaders accept as authoritative |
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Term
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Definition
| a member of a powerful council in the Catholic Church; that selects the new pope; the pope can name new cardinals |
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Term
|
Definition
| the main church in a Catholic diocese |
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Term
|
Definition
| Holy Roman Catholic Apostolic Church; largest Christian denomination, syncetistic, follows the Pope |
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Term
|
Definition
| Greek Term, "annointed one", given to Jesus of Galilee, founder of Christianity |
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Term
|
Definition
| all those churches accepting the role of Jesus as Son of God |
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Term
|
Definition
| a building for Christian worship, a denomination, especially the Roman Catholic or an established sect |
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Term
|
Definition
| a minister of the church, religious leadership |
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Term
|
Definition
| Christian ritual partaking of bread and wine in remembrance of Christ |
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Term
|
Definition
| sacrament of full initiation into the Church |
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Term
|
Definition
| 4th century Roman Emperor, Christian convert |
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Term
|
Definition
| formingan affiliation to a religion; many sects proselytize in hopes of gaining converts |
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Term
|
Definition
| a denomination's doctrinal system |
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Term
|
Definition
| model of Jesus on a cross |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1095-1291 wars launched by the popes in order to re-capture Palestine from Muslims |
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Term
|
Definition
| one of twelve apostles selected by Jesus in Galilee; also the name of an American Protestant sect |
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Term
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Definition
| Christian spring holiday celebrating the last days of Jesus, his crucifixion, and resurrection; many Teutonic and Celtic symbols (e.g. eggs, rabbits) have come in to this holiday |
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| what Church of England is called in the U.S. similar to Catholics in ritual; priests can marry |
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| books of the New Testament which are letters by the Apostles (e.g., Paul, Peter, Jude, James) |
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| a preacher, especially a revivalist or missionary; also a term for the gospel authors Mark, Matthew, Luke, John |
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| when someone is kicked out of a denomination or order |
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| Jewish and Christian term for people who are not of Jewish origin |
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| 1st century movement emphasizing secret knowledge about dualism of matter/spirit; foundation of many heresies |
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| one of the first four books of the New Testament, the "good news" about Jesus and salvation |
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| state of spiritual bliss in the afterlife, dwelling place of God and angels (e.g. Islam, Christianity) |
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| 1491-1547 English King who declared himself head of the Church in order to get a divorce |
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| a statement not in accord with a church's doctrine is declared a heresy by that church |
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| third person of Trinity; indwelling spirit of God in Christians, also known as Holy Ghost |
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| The doctrine that Jesus was conceived in his mother's womb without original sin |
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| medieval Catholic practice of letting people give money to the church to escape (or lessen time in) purgatory |
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| Vatican Council of 1870 declared "The Pope speaking ex-cathedra on doctrine or morals is infallible" |
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| Catholic persecution of heretics and witches, starting in 12th century |
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| Catholic order of priests founded by Ignatius Loyala in 16th century, the Society of Jesus |
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| 1st century Galilean worshipped as Son of God by Christians; accepted as prophet by Muslims; life describes in New Testament |
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| 1509-1564 Protestant reformer; preached predestination; influenced Reformed Churches, Puritans |
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| 1st century Jewish prophet; foretold the coming Messiah; baptized Jesus, executed by Herod. |
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| ascetic period from Ash Wednesday until Easter |
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| Communion, Eucharist, and Holy Communion |
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| mother of Jesus, Catholics give her special veneration |
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| Church service culminating in Eucharist (Catholic) |
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| expected Jewish savior king; Christians accept Jesus as the Messiah |
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| part of the bible describing Jesus and Apostles; it is composed of the four gospels, the Book of Acts, and many epistles by Pail, Peter, John, James, Jude |
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| pious, celibate female monastic |
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| part of Bible written before Jesus, including the Jewish Torah, and writings of the Hebrew and Israelite prophets |
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| sacrament of initiation into the Catholic priesthood |
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| 185-255 Christian mystic, incorporated Neoplatonism |
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| when Adam sinned, the entire human race fell from grace |
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| suffering of Jesus on the cross |
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| title given to Christian clergy, especially head of a local church |
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| 1st century Christian convert Apostle; wrote many of the New Testament epistles |
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| ritual punishment in order to expiate sin |
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| Galilean fisherman disciple of Jesus, became apostle and first pope |
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| Bishop of Ropme, head of Catholic Church; may issue ex-cathedra, infallible statements |
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| doctrine that God has already determined who will be saved, before they are born (Calvin) |
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| Protestant denomination growing out of Puritans; emphasizes governance by councils over local churches; influenced by Calvinist doctrine |
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| Christian denominations growing out of Europe's Reformation of the 16th century |
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| Afterlife in which sins are expiated, prior to resurrection or entrance into heaven (Catholic doctrine) |
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| formal name of Catholic Church, which is centered in Rome, Holy Roman Catholic Apostolic Church |
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| rituals, especially those of Catholic Church |
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| honorific title given to persons who led exemplary lives, and as angels can intercede for people (Catholic); Paul used the term to describe early Christians in general |
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| a promise of liberation from the human problems, heaven, resurrection or a new world order on this planet |
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| split between segments of a church, Great Schism occurred in 1054 between Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox |
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| falling out of relationship with the deity, specific acts which offend the deity |
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| New Testament books of Mark, Matthew, Luke; record the life and ministry of Jesus |
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| Roman Catholic doctrine that the bread and wine of the Eucharist become body and blood of Christ |
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| Roman Catolic, Latin version of Bible completed 400 C.E. |
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| 1058-1111 Islamic theologian reconciling reason with mysticism |
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| Islamic name for the one God |
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| obligatory charitable giving to the poopr (Islam) |
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| 1126-1198 Islamic theologian synthesizing Aristotle with Islam |
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| modern syncretistic religion, originally from Persia; "all denominations lead to the one God." |
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| Islamic mystic who attempts to gain ecstacy by dancing (another name for Sufi) |
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| Islamic, apocalyptic, exclusivistic, non-proseltizing sect found largerly in Lebanon |
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| 1897-1975 leader of the U.S. Black Muslim, Nation of Islam |
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| derogatory Muslim term for a non-Muslim |
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| Islamic holy war against infidels; also includes ethics about treatment of innocent in warfare; can refer to an inward struggle |
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| Islamic scripture, revelations received by the prophet Muhammad, usually transliterated as Qu'ran |
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| African-American spokeman for Nation of Islam who later challenged its doctrine of racial prejudice |
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| Islamic city of obligatory pilgrimage; Muslims face Mecca when praying |
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| 570-632 C.E. Arab founder of Islam, "the prophet" who recited the Qu'ran, preached theistic monotheism |
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| a building for Islamic worship |
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| a building for Islamic worship |
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| an adherent of Islam, "one who submits to God" |
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| 1469-1539 founder of Sikh religion, he was originally a Hindu in India |
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| "Black Muslims", African-American movement with prejudicial views against whites and Jews |
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| geographical area in which ancient and modern Israel have been established; also, a proposed Arab nation in that region |
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| a journey to attend a shrine; pilgrimage to Mecca is obligatory in Islam |
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| month-long Muslim festival involving daytime fasting |
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| an ancient monotheistic religion of the Middle East; practices baptism |
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| sect of Islam predominant in Iran and Libya; has present-day living prophet (Iman) |
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| Islamic mystics; originated in Persia, some are dancing dervishes, influenced Al-Ghazzali |
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| sect of Islam predominated outside of Iran; based upon consensus agreement on Qu'ran; Muhammad was the last prophet |
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| a 19th century U.S. movment led by William Miller which declared that 1844 would be the 2nd coming of Christ; influenced Seventh Day Adventists and Jehovah's Witnesses |
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| pacifist Protestant sect committed to living a simple, 19th century life style, found in rural Pennsylvania |
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| original Baptist churches of the European Reformation; associated with peasant rebellions of the 16th century |
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| 18th century founder of Shakers, claimed to be feminine incarnation of Christ |
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| 20th century Protestant Evangelical, effective preacher with simple message; salvation by grace |
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| 19th century Mormon leader; took over after Smith's assassination and led Mormons to Utah |
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| 1852-1916 millenarian preacher, founder of Jehovah's Witnesses |
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| a denomination founded by Mary Baker Eddy; emphasizing spiritual healing |
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| a small sect with devoted followers; a pejorative term for a nw religious movement denomination (especially one which has doctrines or rituals outside the mainstream, or is abusive of followers) |
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| self-proclaimed second Jesus who led the Waco group of Branch Davidians into a 1993 battle with federal agents |
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| 1826-1915 founder of Seventh Day Adventists |
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| modern-again Christians who emphasize Bible's authority; proselytizing, Fundamentalist Protestants |
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| 1624-1691 Englishman who founded Quakers (Society of Friends) |
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| derogatory term for 20th century Pentecostals or Charismatic Christians who sway or fall down in ecstasy |
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| proselytizing denomination founded by C.T. Russell; set apocalyptic dates, deny the trinity, refuse participation in civil affairs |
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| founder of People's Temple, a cult which committed Mass suicide in Guyana in 1978 |
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| 19th century founder of Oneida Perfectionists; advocated complez marriage (Multiple husbands & wives) |
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| 1805-1844 founder of Latter Day Saints, "the prophet" who translated Book of Mormon other revelations |
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| the state sponsored religion of North Korea |
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| a building for Jehovah's Witness meetings |
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| 20th century science fiction writer who founded Scientology, Dianetics |
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| Brazillian popular religions with African roots |
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| 1929-1968 Baptist minister, nonviolent civil rights leader of African-Americans |
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| Also called Latter Day Saints, Christian denomination started in 19th century by Joseph Smith; emphasizes family, temple rituals, no smoking/coffee |
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| 20th century American denomination; emphasizes presence of the Holy Spirit; speaking in tongues |
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| 19th century Oneida community founded by J.H. Noyes; practiced communism and complex marriage |
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