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radiation Protection
Mr. Jones
94
Medical
Professional
02/12/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
A.L.A.R.A.
Definition
As Low are reasonable achievable
Term
Standard Precautions
Definition
Treat everyone as if they have potiental harmful disease
Term
What is Threshold? Does radiation have a threshold?
Definition
A safe place; radiation has no threshold
Term
Cathode
Definition
negative side of xray tube
Term
Anode
Definition
postive side of xray tube
Term
thermoemission
Definition
Boiling of electrons
Term
What are properties of radiation?
Definition
  1. radiation is invisible
  2. travels in a straight line
  3. neutral charge
  4. cant taste, touch or feel it
  5. absorbed in high atomic numbers
  6. has ability to have biological changes
  7. can be made fluoresce or give off light
  8. heterogenous (different wavelengths)
  9. Poloyenergetic (many different energies)
  10. can not be focus by mirrors or lens (will go right through)
  11. affect photographic film
  12. become ionize (knock off electrons)

 

Term
Describe "Wavelength"
Definition
  • Measured from crest to crest
  • long wavelength are more harmful (absorb)
  • short wavelengths penentrate
Term
Describe "frequency" (f)
Definition
  • measured by number of ups or downs on wavelength
  • as frequency gets lower wavelength increase (bigger, longer)
  • as frequency decreases wavelength increase (shorter)
Term
What does "c=(λ)(ƒ)" equal
Definition
speed of light
Term
measurements of "c" (speed of light) travels
Definition
  • 186,000 mi per second
  • 3 x108 m/sec
  • 3 x 1010 cm/sec
Term

What does (Ζ)

stand for

Definition
atomic number
Term
mAs
Definition
milliampere seconds- the number of electrons moving from (-) to (+)
Term
Exposure: traditional/english unit
Definition
Roentgen - artificial source
Term

Exposure: SI  Name (metric unit)

 

Definition

Coulomb per kilogram (C/Kg)

-man made

Term

Absorbed Dose:

Cu & Si unit

Definition

1. Radiation Absorbed dose (Rad) - non occupational

2. Gray (Gy)

Term

Dose Equivalent:

Cu & Si unit

Definition
  1. Radiation Equivalent man (Rem)- radiation workers

2. Seivert (Sv)

Term

Radioactivity:

Cu & Si units

Definition
  1. Curie (Ci)
  2. Becquerel (Bq)
Term
(z) of oxygen
Definition
8
Term
Static
Definition
not moving
Term
dynamic
Definition
moving
Term
Scatter radiation
Definition
radiation that enters object then changes directon then exits
Term
secondary radiation
Definition
radiation that enters object and changes directions but does not exit (is absorbed)
Term
primary radiation
Definition
radiation that exits xray tube before reaches the patient
Term
remnant radiation
Definition
radiation that exits patient to the film
Term
if all radiation becomes remnant the image will be
Definition
black
Term
if all radiation becomes secondary the image will be
Definition
white
Term
leakage radiation
Definition
radiation that excapes the xray tube
Term
Electromagnatic spectrum
Definition
(short) cosmic, gamma, roentgen, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and radio (long)
Term
visible radiatin
Definition
(short) v i b g y o r (long)
Term
which 3 electromagnetic radiation can be ionizing?
Definition
cosmic, gamma, and xray
Term
IR
Definition
Image receptor
Term
"x" means
Definition
unknown
Term
congental abnormalities
Definition
birth defects
Term
ankylosing spondylitis
Definition
spine ooks like a spiral staircase, spinous process fuse together
Term
What are some late effects of radiation?
Definition
bone cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer
Term
uraium miners developed what late effect?
Definition
lung cancer
Term
tinea capitis
Definition
ring worm
Term
tinea pubis
Definition
crabs (std)
Term
which is a little more radiosensitive, female or male reproductive?
Definition
female
Term
which part of the eye is most sensitive?
Definition
lens
Term
lymphoid consist of?
Definition
lymphnodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, & some bone marrow
Term
in children what does the thymus do?
Definition
help fight disease
Term
what does the spleen make?
Definition
white blood cells
Term
what do the "nodes" do
Definition
collect waste
Term
which body system is most radiosensitive?
Definition
digestive system
Term
GSD
Definition
gnetically significant dose
Term
what is absolute risk?
Definition

a blanket statement that say much

(5 people will die)

Term
what is excess risk?
Definition

numbers of excess cases observed over what would be spontaneously (natural) in a population

subtacting out a known

Term
relative risk?
Definition
  • a control group
  • the dose to which a population hs been exposed not preciselly known
Term
what insect help us with radiation protection?
Definition
fruit flies
Term
ESE
Definition
entrance skin exposure
Term
what dose do people die?
Definition
350 rad
Term
Describe Latent effect?
Definition
invisible, 2nd stage (repairing itself)
Term
is manigest visible or invisible?
Definition
visible
Term
pan pnea
Definition
reduction of all cells
Term
athrophy?
Definition
wen muscles lose strength
Term
what dose do sperm die?
Definition
10 rad
Term
what dose is temp. sterility?
Definition
200-250 rad
Term
Permanently sterility?
Definition
500-600 rads
Term
Erythrocytes live how many days?
Definition
120 days
Term
Kyocytles?m
Definition
mapp out chromoses
Term
Acute radiation syndrome exposes types?
Definition
Prodomal, latent, hematologic, gastrointestinal, cns
Term
Describe Acute radiation syndromes
Definition

prodromal- >100 rad, n/v diarrhea

 

Latent- (repairing stage)

 

Hematologic- 200-1000, 10-60 days, same as prodromal with anemia, leukopenia, hemorrhage, fever, and infection

 

Gastrointestinal -1000-5000, 4-10 days, sames hematologic, electrolyte imbalance, letargy, fatigue, shack, malase

 

Central Nervous- >5000, 0-4

Term
Which individual or group of individuals does apathetic technologist hurt the most?
Definition
Patient
Term
What is typical mA setting for Floroscopic unit?
Definition
1-3
Term
postive side of x-ray tube?
Definition
anode
Term

Lymphocytes are produced in which of following:

a)Spleen

b) bone marrow

c) thymus

d)  all above

Definition
d)  all above
Term
  1. Catabolism-
Definition
Breaking down
Term

Epitaxis-

Definition
Nosebleed
Term
Latent-
Definition
unseen
Term

Ascites-

Definition
fluid in the abdomen
Term

Teratogen-

Definition
birth defect
Term
Leukopenia-
Definition
low white blood cell
Term
BERT
Definition

Background Equavilent Radiation Time

 

Term
  1. Catabolism-
Definition
Breaking down
Term
Remnant-
Definition
leftover radiation from patient
Term
  1. Polyenergetic-
Definition
many energies
Term
  1. Pancytopenia-
Definition
lowering of all white, red, blood cells
Term
  1. Germ cell-
Definition
(sperm & ova)
Term
  1. Spina Bifida-
Definition
failure for pedicle and lamine to fuse
Term
  1. Microencephally-
Definition
small brain
Term
  1. Abberation-
Definition
change
Term
Ankylosing Spondylitis-
Definition
scoliosis in spine
Term
  1. Malaise-
Definition
uneasy feeling
Term
  1. Leukopenia-
Definition
low white blood cell
Term
  1. Teratogen-
Definition
birth defect
Term
  1. Ascites-
Definition
fluid in the abdomen
Term
  1. Latent-
Definition
unseen
Term
  1. Epitaxis-
Definition
Nosebleed
Term
What does it mean when cell dies in interphase death?
Definition
Cell doesnt let interphase death
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