Term
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Definition
| Science of the structure and form of the human body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describes the functions of the body. |
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Definition
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| How many bones are in the human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Axial Skeleton (what it is/what it includes/ how many bones) |
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Definition
All bones that lie on or near the central axis of the body.
Includes: Skull, betebral column, ribs and the sternum.
Consists of 80 bones |
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| Appendicular skeleton (what it is/ what it includes/ how many bones) |
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Definition
includes all of the bones of the upper and lower extremeties, the shoulder and hte pelvic girdle.
consists of 126 separate bones |
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Term
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Definition
special type of small, oval- shaped bones found in the tendons (near joints).
*Protect joint from excessive wear |
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Term
| Long bones (where are they found) |
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Definition
Found in the upper and lower extremities.
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Definition
| Short bones have cuboid shapes and are only found in the wrist and feet. |
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Definition
| external layer of bone. Provides protection and suppports the entire bone |
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Definition
| inside shell of compact bone |
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Definition
| Dense fibrous membrane that covers the bones except @ the articluar ends. |
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Definition
Consist of two plates of bone with cancellous bone between them.
*Skull, sternum, ribs and scapulae |
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Definition
bones that have odd shapes
* vertebra, facial bones, bones of the pelvis |
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Definition
| The process of how bones are formed |
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Term
| endochondral ossification |
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Definition
| when bone replaces cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| primary center for ossification (in the mid-body area of the bone, eventually becomes the shaft of the bone) |
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Definition
secondary center for ossification
*appears after birth and occurs at the end of long bones |
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Term
Epiphyseal plates or Cartilaginous plates
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Definition
Found between the body and each epiphysis until the skeleton stops growing.
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Term
| What are the 3 functional classifications of joints? |
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Definition
Synarthrosis -immovable (cranial sutures)
amphiarthrosis - limited movement (symphysis pubis)
diarthrosis -freely moveable (elbow or knee) |
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Term
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Definition
immovable joint
*cranial sutures |
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Term
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Definition
limited movement joint
*symphysis pubis
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Definition
freely moveable joint
*elbow |
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Term
| What are the three structual classifications of joints? |
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Definition
fibrous joints - lack joint cavity and held together by fibrous tissue (roots of teeth, sutures of the skull)
cartilagious joints -lack joint cavity held together tightly by cartilage (intervertebral disk space, between the two bones of the pubis)
synovial joints - freely moveable joint. contained in a fibrous capsule which contains synovial fluid (knee, elbow) |
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Term
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Definition
lack joint cavity and held together by fibrous tissue (roots of teeth, sutures of the skull)
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Definition
lack joint cavity held together tightly by cartilage (intervertebral disk space, between the two bones of the pubis)
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Term
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Definition
| freely moveable joint. contained in a fibrous capsule which contains synovial fluid (knee, elbow) |
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Term
| Example(s) of: Plane (gliding) joint |
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Definition
| intercarpal joints of the hand and wrist |
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Term
| Example(s) of: ginglymus (hinge) |
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Definition
| interphalangeal joints and elbow |
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Term
| Example(s) of: trochoid (pivot) joint |
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Definition
| 1st and 2nd cervical joints, proximal and distal radioulnar joint |
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Term
| Example(s) of: ellipsoid (condyloid) |
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Definition
| 2nd through 5th metacarpophalangeal joint of the fingers |
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Term
| Example(s) of: sellar (saddle) joints |
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Definition
| 1st carpometacarpal joint of the thumb and ankle joint |
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Term
| Example(s) of: spheroid (ball and socket) |
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Definition
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Term
| Example(s) of: bicondylar joints |
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Definition
| knee and temporomandibular joints |
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Term
| Type of movement: Plane (gliding) |
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Definition
| sliding or gliding motion between the articulating surfaces. Least amount of movement. |
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Term
| Type of movement: ginglymus (hinge) |
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Definition
| permit flexion and extension movement only |
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Term
| Type of movement: trochoid (pivot) |
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Definition
| rotational movements around a single axis |
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Term
| Type of movement: ellipsoid (condyloid) |
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Definition
| allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction |
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Term
| Type of movement: Sellar (saddle) |
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Definition
| allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction |
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Term
| Type of movement: speroid (ball and socket) |
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Definition
| allows flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction and medial and lateral rotation |
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Term
| Type of movement: bicondylar |
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Definition
| provides movement in a single direction but can permit limited rotation. |
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Term
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Definition
| x-ray film containing a processed image of an anatomical part of a patient. |
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Term
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Definition
| representation of a patient's anatomic structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| upright position, arms adducted, palms forward, head and feet directed straight ahead. |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical plane dividing the body into R and L |
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Term
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Definition
| vert. plane dividing the body into equal R and L parts. |
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Definition
| Vert plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior parts |
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Definition
| front half of the body including palms of hands and tops of feet |
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Definition
| back of body including back of hands and bottoms of feet. |
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Definition
| any plane passing through the body at right angles to the sagittal or coronal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| any plane passing through the body at right angles to the sagittal or coronal plane |
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Definition
| longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an angle or slant and not parallel to the sagittal, coronal or horizontal planes. |
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Definition
| an imaginary straight line connecting two anotomical landmarks. |
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Term
| Reid's Base Line (infraorbitomeatal line) (anthropological base line) |
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Definition
| Line passing from the infraorbital margin through the superior border of the EAM (external auditory meatus) |
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Definition
| sole or posterior surface of the foot |
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Definition
refers to the anterior (top) of the foot
*Not to be confused with dorsAL which would be the bottom side of the foot* |
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Definition
| palm of the hand (anterior or ventral side of the hand) |
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Definition
| Direction of the path of the x-ray beam as it passes through the patient. |
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Term
| posteroanterior projection (PA) |
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Definition
| projection of the central ray (CR) from posterior to anterior. |
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Term
| anteroposterior projection (AP) |
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Definition
| path or projection of the CR from anterior to posterior |
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Term
| AP or PA oblique projections |
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Definition
| term used for the upper and lower limbs that are obliqued or rotated and not a true AP or PA. Must include qualifying term indicating which way it is rotated, such as medial or lateral. |
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Term
| Mediolateral and Lateromedial projection |
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Definition
| side to side projection - CR enters the side or lateral aspect of the body basted on anatomical position |
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Definition
| lying on back, facing upward |
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Definition
| lying on the abdomen, facing downward, head to either side. |
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Definition
| upright position, standing or sitting erect |
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Definition
| lying down in any position |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| recumbent position - table/body plane is tilted so head is lower than feet |
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Term
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Definition
| recumbent with head higher than feet |
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Term
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Definition
| A recumbent oblique position with the patient lying on the left anterior side, with the right knee and thigh flexed and with the left arm extended down behind the back. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supine with knees and hips flexed, thighs abducted and rotated externally. Thighs supported by leg and ankle supports. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to a side view or 'sideways' view. Specific lateral positions are described by the part closest to the IR or image receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Slanting or angled position. A position in which the body/ body part is rotated so that it does not produce a supine (AP), Prone (PA) or lateral image. Always named according to the side of the patient closest to the IR |
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Term
| Left posterior oblique (LPO) position |
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Definition
| describes the oblique position where the left posterior part of the body is closest to the IR |
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Term
| Right posterior oblique (RPO) position |
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Definition
| Position in which the right posterior part of the body is closest to the IR |
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Term
| Right anterior oblique position (RAO) |
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Definition
| right anterior part/ aspect of the body is closest to the IR |
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Term
| Left Anterior oblique (LAO) |
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Definition
| left anterior part of the body is closest to the IR |
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Term
| Decubitus position ("D-cube") |
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Definition
| lying down on a particular body surface such as the back (dosal) front (ventral), side (L or R lateral). D cubitus is always used with a HORIZONTAL X-RAY BEAM |
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Term
| Left Lateral decubitus position (AP projection) |
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Definition
| patient lies on their left side and the x-ray beam is horizontal from the anterior to the posterior |
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Term
| Right lateral decubitus position (PA projection) |
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Definition
| the patient lies on their right side while the x-ray is directed from the back (posterior) side to the front (anterior side) |
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Term
| dorsal decubitus position |
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Definition
| patient lies on their back while the x-ray passes horizontally through the patients side |
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Term
| ventral decubitus position |
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Definition
| the patient lies on their stomach while the x-ray passes horizontally through the patient's side |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to all images obtained when the CR is angled 10* or more along the long axis of the body or body part. Usually angled more than 10* |
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Term
| inferosuperior and superoinferior axial projections |
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Definition
| the CR enters below or inferiorly and exitos above or superiorly. Opposite for the superoinferior projection |
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Term
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Definition
| the CR skims the body part to project it into profile or away from other structures. Fre from superimposition |
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Definition
| lateral side to side projection through the thorax |
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Term
| dorsoplantar and plantodorsal projection |
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Definition
| terms for projections of the foot. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes the path of the CR from the dorsal surface to the plantar surface of the foot. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes the path of the CR from the plantar surface to the dorsal surface |
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Definition
| toward the center or midline of the body/ median plane of the body |
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Definition
| away from the center of the body |
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Definition
| Near the source of the begining. it indicates which end of the limb is closest to the trunk of the body. |
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Definition
| away from the source, parts farthes from the point of attachment |
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Definition
| toward the head of the body |
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Term
| interior (internal, inside) |
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Definition
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Definition
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| outside or near the outside |
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Definition
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Definition
| further from the skin surface (compared to other structures) |
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Definition
| exaggerated lumbar cuvature (sway-back) |
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Definition
| exaggerated thoracic curvature (hump back) |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal lateral, side to side, curvature of the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| angle between part is decreased when bending a joint |
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Definition
| angle is increased as when straightening a joint |
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Term
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Definition
| extending a joint beyond the straight or neutral position |
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Term
| ulnar deviation of wrist (ulnar flexion) |
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Definition
| to turn or bend the hand or wrist toward the ulna side of the wrist (pinky finger side) |
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Term
| radial deviation of the wrist (radial flexion) |
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Definition
| to turn or bend the hand or wrist toward the radial side of the wrist. (thumb side) |
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Term
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Definition
| moving the foot and toes upward, decrease the angle between top of the foot and lower leg. (toward the knee) |
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Term
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Definition
| moving foot and toes downward from the normal position. flexing plantar surface of foot. (pointing your toes) |
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Definition
| movement of foot when turned outward at ankle joint, no rotation of the leg |
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Term
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Definition
| bending of a part outward/away from midline |
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Definition
| movement of foot when turned inward at ankle joint, no rotation of the leg |
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Definition
| bending of a part inward/ toward the midline |
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Term
| medial rotation (internal rotation) |
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Definition
| turning the anterior aspect of the part toward the inside or median plane |
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Term
| lateral rotation (external rotation) |
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Definition
| turning the anterior aspect of the body part toward the outside |
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Term
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Definition
| movement away from the central axis of the body/ body part |
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Term
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Definition
| movement toward the central axis of the body/ body part |
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Term
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Definition
| a rotational movement of the hand which places the palm downward or back. |
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Term
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Definition
| a rotational movement of the hand which places the palm down or back |
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Term
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Definition
| forward movement from normal position such as moving the jaw forward or shoulders forward |
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Definition
| backward movement from normal position such as moving the shoulders back |
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Definition
| lifting, raising or moving of the part superior |
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Definition
| lowering or moving of the part inferiorly |
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Definition
| to move around in the form of a circle |
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Term
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Definition
| slanting or tilting position with respect to the long axis of the part. Used to describe angulation of the body parts involving the skull |
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