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| A projecting wall member used as a support for some element in the superstructure. |
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A masonry roof or ceiling constructed on the arch principle, or a concrete roof of the same shape.
A corbeled vault is a vault formed by the piling of stone blocks in horizontal courses, cantilevered inward until the blocks meet at a keystone. |
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| The chamber at the center of an ancient temple; in a classical temple, the room in which the cult statue (statue of a deity) usually stood. |
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| A vertical, weight-carrying architectural member, circular in cross-section and consisting of a base (sometimes omitted), a shaft, and a capital. |
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| The part of a building above the columns and below the roof. The entablature has three parts: architrave, frieze, and pediment. |
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| In classical architecture, the triangular space at the end of a building, formed by the ends of the sloping roof above the colonnade; also, an ornamental feature having this shape. |
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| Greek, "young man." An Archaic Greek statue of a young man. |
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| A bronze-casting method in which a figure is modeled in wax and covered with clay; the whole is fired, melting away the wax and hardening the clay, which then becomes a mold for molten metal. |
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| Kouros, ca. 600 BCE, marble [NY, Metropolitan Museum of Art] |
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| Polykleitos, Doryphoros (Spear Bearer), ca. 450 BCE, marble |
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| Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens (Greece), ca. 440 BCE |
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| Phidias, East Pediment of the Parthenon with Three Goddesses, and Dionysos and Chariot of Sun God (Helios), ca. 440 BCE, marble |
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| Old Market Woman, ca. 150 BCE, marble |
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| In Roman architecture, a public building for legal and other civic proceedings, retangular in plan with an entrance usually on a long side. In Christian architecture, a church somewhat resembling the Roman basilica, usually entered from one end and with an apse on the other. |
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| A recess, usually semicircular, in the wall of a building, commonly found at the east end of a church. |
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| In Roman basilicas and medieval churches, windows that form the nave's uppermost level below the timber ceiling or the vaults. |
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Nave: The central area of an ancient Roman basilica or of a church, demarcated from aisles by piers or columns.
Side Aisles: The portions of a basilica flanking the nave and seperated from it by a row of columns or compound piers of alternating form. |
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| A deep arch or an uninterrupted series of arches, one behind the other, over an oblong space. |
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| The point at which two barrel vaults intersect at right angles. |
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| A hemispherical vault; theoretically, an arch rotated on its vertical axis. |
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| A very high quality building material invented by the Romans and consisting of various proportions of lime mortar, volcanic sand, water, and small stones. |
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| Statue of Augustus, ca. 20 BCE, marble [actually an early first century CE marble copy of a bronze original of ca. 20 BCE] |
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| Colosseum, Rome (Italy), ca. 80 CE |
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| Pantheon, Rome (Italy), ca. 120 CE |
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| Basilica of Constantine, Rome (Italy), ca. 310 CE |
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| Ixion Room, House of the Vettii, Pompeii, ca. 70 CE, fresco |
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| Subterranean burial chambers used by early Christians. |
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| The part of the church with an axis that crosses the nave at a right angle. |
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| Patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces (tesserae) of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors; also, the technique of making such works. |
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| Good Shepherd and Story of Jonah, Catacombs, Rome (Italy), ca. 300 CE, fresco |
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| Old Saint Peter's, Rome (Italy), begun ca. 320 CE |
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| San Vitale, Ravenna (Italy), ca. 540 CE |
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| Emperor Justinian, Bishop, and Attendants, San Vitale, Ravenna (Italy), ca. 540 CE, mosaic |
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| The standing human figure in a natural, relaxed pose, in which one part is turned in opposition to another part (usually hips and legs one way, shoulders and chest another), creating a counterpositioning of the body about its central axis. |
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Painting on lime plaster, either dry (dry fresco, or fresco secco) or wet (true, or buon, fresco). In the latter method, the pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid wet lime plaster.
Also, a mural painting executed in either method. |
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| perspective, linear perspective, and atmospheric perspective |
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Perspective: A method used to present an illusion of the three-dimensional world on a two dimensional surface.
Atmospheric Perspective: Suggestion of depth through dimunition of color tone and intensity; increased haziness, and often blueness in the distance (that is, the imitation of atmospheric effects).
Linear Perspective: The use of parallel lines converging on a vanishing point on the horizon and the reduction of size of elements according to the geometric scheme. |
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