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| Definition of communication |
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| Conveying information through the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, visuals, signals, writing, or behavior. |
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| Normal Communication dependent on: |
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| intact cognitive, neurological, muscular, acoustic, and sensory systems |
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| Processes of normal communication |
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| Formulation, Transmission, Reception, Comprehension |
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| Making sense of the message |
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| Shared code used to represent concepts or ideas. Rule governed |
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| General categories of communication |
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| Speech, Hearing, Cognitive communication skills, Non verbal communication and pragmatics |
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| Physical production of sounds of shared code (Articulation, Voice, Fluency) |
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| Perception of speech/sound (Audition) |
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| Cognitive-communicative Skills |
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| Attention, Memory, Executive Functions: Ability to formulate and plan goals and carry them out successfully, Reasoning, problem solving |
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| Non-verbal Communication & Pragmatics |
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| Practical use of language in social interaction, Context |
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| Manner in which information is conveyed |
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| Basic model of communication essential components: |
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| Sender, receiver, shared symbolic system |
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| Speaking, Writing, Sign Language, Reading, Listening, Non-Verbal |
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| The study of sound. Creation of sound, vibration of air particles, reception by ear, comprehension by brain |
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| Hearing, the perception of sound. In communication specifically involves speech |
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| Communication becomes unclear, repaired when feedback is sent |
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| The 7 purposes of communication. Instrumental, regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, informative |
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The meaning of language, the words we use and the meanings behind them
Semantics (is the study of meaning) |
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| use of eye contact, facial expression, posture and proximity to give feedback |
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| Information provided by the receiver to the sender |
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How words sentances and sounds are organized and arranged to convey content
Syntax, Morphology, Phonology |
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| Coordinating Thoughts/Ideas |
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| How fast sound waves vibrate |
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| Principles effective communicators abide by.Quantity, quality, relevance, manner |
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| Giving verbal feedback, "I don't understand" |
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| Scrutinizing language as an object of attention |
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| The rules of language governing the internal organization of words |
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| Use of pitch loudness pausing superimposed over linguistic feedback |
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| 40 in English, sounds we can make |
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| Rules of language governing the sounds we use |
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| Rules of language governing how speech is used for social purpose |
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| The principle of combination especially the combination of small number of discrete units into seemingly infinite possibilities |
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| Receiving information from another person |
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| Language allows us to talk about iconic things, things that are not concrete |
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| The rules of language governing the meaning of individual words and word combinations |
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| No other animals have language. Other species can only communicate iconic |
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| The processing of human speech |
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| Rules of language governing internal organization of sentances |
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| Conveying ideas by communication to another person |
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| Language is ubiquitous (found everywhere) |
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how language is used functionally for personal and social needs
Pragmatics (the ways in which context contributes to meaning) |
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| Towards the nervous system |
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| Efferent Extensions from neuron, Take nerve impulses away from cell body |
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| Sits atop spinal cord, conduit between brain and spinal cord. Carries sensory information to the brain and motor information away |
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| In left side of frontal lobe. Responsible for fine coordination of soeech output |
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| Oval shaped "Little brain" sits posterior to the brain stem. Regulates motor and muscular activity |
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| Cerebral cortex. Governs unique qualities of human thinking, problem solving, planning, etc. Largest of three major divisions of brain. |
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| Band of fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain |
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| 12 pairs of nerves emerging from the brain. Carry information back and forth from brain to spine and the rest of the body |
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| Afferent extensions from the neuron. bring impulses into cell |
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| Away from the nervous system |
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| Problem solving, planning, creating etc. |
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| The opening from the auricle. Carries sounds to the inner ear |
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| Sits anterior of brain. Behind forehead. Activates and controls motor activities including speech output and controlling executive functions |
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| In the temporal lobe. Auditory cortex. Conducts fine grained analysis of frequency spectrum. Frequency represented tonotopically |
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| Horse-shoe shaped bone which suspends the larynx |
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| Most inferior portion of larynx |
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| Cartilaginous box that sits at the front of the neck on top of the trachea or windpipe. Protects the trachea from everything but air. Also contains vocal folds (Voice Box) |
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| Sheath coating on neurons. Contributes to rapid relay of nerve impulses. Protects the neuron |
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| Posterior continuation of nasal cavity |
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| highly specialized cells that make up the nervous system |
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| Chemical agents that carry information accross synaptic cleft |
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| Sits at the rear of cerebral cortex. Receives and processes visual information |
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| Throat, length of pharynx that connects to the oral cavity |
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| Posterior to frontal lobe to on left and right sides above the ears. Percieves and integrates sensory and perceptual information and comprehends oral and written language and math |
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| A Mucosa-lined muscular tube that runs from the nasal cavity through the rear of the oral cavity, to the entrance of the larynx and the esophagus |
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| Ability of the brain to reorganize and modify functions and adapt to internal and external changes |
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| Thin sac that the lungs sit within |
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| 31 nerves that emerge from the spinal cord. Carry information back and forth from brain to other parts of body |
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| The space where two neurons meet |
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| Posterior to frontal lobe but posterior to parietal lobe. Important to communication. COntains auditory cortex. ALso contains Wernicke's area |
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| Cartilage tube that runs from the oral cavity to the lungs. transports air between env. and lungs. |
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| Two thin sheets of tissue connected to thyroid cartilage. |
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| Creation of sound by vocal fold vibration |
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| Specialized area in temporal lobe for language comprehension. Gets info from heschl. |
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| Behind trachea, transports food |
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| Medical Specialty concerned with diseases of the ear |
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| State regulations. Minimum educational prep. Many state continued study |
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| Not a legal requirement. holds oneself to higher level than license |
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| Increases with age. 1 in 6 in us |
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| Ear infections during childhood |
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| Kids with Recurrent or persistent problems may lag behind in development. |
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| medical, educational, pediatric, rehabilitative, industrial, |
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| Body systems involved in speech |
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Definition
| PNS and CNS, Respiratory, Articulatory |
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| Speech-language Pathologist |
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| Speech-language pathologists diagnose and treat communication and swallowing disorders in patients. |
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| Audiologists diagnose and treat a patient’s hearing and balance problems using advanced technology and procedures. |
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Lower: lungs, bronchi, alveoli
Upper: trachea, larynx, oral and nasal cavities |
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| Central & Peripheral Nervous System |
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CNS structures: Brain & Spinal cord
PNS structures: Cranial nerves & Spinal nerves |
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| Maxilla, mandible, lips, teeth, hard palate, soft palate, tongue |
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Oral preparation phase
Oral transportation phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophogeal phase |
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