Term
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Definition
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Term
| Disease causing microorganism |
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Definition
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Term
Define the etiology:
Multifactorial |
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Definition
| Having more than one genetic and/or environmental causing events |
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Term
Define the etiology:
Idiopathic |
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Definition
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Term
Define the etiology:
Nosocomial |
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Definition
| Result of exposure to infection in the healthcare environment |
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Term
Define the etiology:
Iatrogenic |
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Definition
| Inadvertent result of medical treatment |
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Term
| Presenting signs and symptoms of the disease |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
Observable or measurable expressions. Objective |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
Indicators that are reported by the individual and are considered "subjective" ex. pain |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
Triggers. What brings it on? |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
Confined to the site of disease |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
Present through the body
ex. fever, high BP |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
Abrupt onset, lasts 10-14 days Complete resolution |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
Insidious onset (gradual) Remissions, excaberations, longer than 6 months |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
Disease manifestations that fall between acute and chronic |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the clinical manifestation:
No noticeable symptoms even though diagonstic tests may indicate disease is present |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Forecast or prediction of how the individual will proceed through the disease process |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment is based on ______ |
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Definition
Etiology
ex. bacterial v. viral pneumonia |
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Term
| These describe human response to illness |
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Definition
nursing diagnoses
ex. altered fluid balance, ineffective airway clearance |
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Term
| A negative outcome with disease complications that impact the quality of life |
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Definition
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Term
| Negative outcome resulting in death |
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Definition
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Term
| Focuses on body's response to maintain and restore homeostasis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Rate of occurence of disease at any given time |
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Definition
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Term
| Endemic (normal up and down) epidemic (rate above endemic) pandemic (across continents) |
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Definition
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Term
List the level of prevention:
Prohibits a disease condition from occurring. ex. wearing bike helmet to prevent head injury |
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Definition
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Term
List the level of prevention:
early detection and treatment of disease through screening ex. breast exam |
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Definition
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Term
List the level of prevention:
Rehabilitation of a pt. after detection of disease. Focuses on preventing complications or progression of condition
ex. PT, OT |
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Definition
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Term
Label the level of organization:
Fully differentiated body parts with specialized functions |
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Definition
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Term
Label the level of organization:
Groups of different cell types that combine to form a specific function |
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Definition
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Term
Label the level of organization:
Basic units that make up tissues; sites where changes lead to symptoms and diseases |
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Definition
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Term
List the cellular component:
Seperates intracellular and extracellular environment.
Composed of phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tails) Proteins (channel, receptors) Glycolipids included. Transmembrane proteins |
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Definition
| Plasma membrane (cell membrane) |
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Term
List the cellular component:
A colloidal substance surrounding cell nucleus composed of water, proteins, fats, electrolytes, glycogen and pigments |
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Definition
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Term
List the cellular component:
Structures within a cell that perform distinct functions |
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Definition
Organelles
Ex. lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth/rough ER, Golgi apparatus |
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Term
List the cellular component:
Contains genetic materials called DNA |
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Definition
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Term
List the cellular component:
Composed of tubules and filaments, and contributes to cell shape, mvmt, and transport |
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Definition
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Term
List the organelle:
Complex network of tubules, producing proteins and fats |
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Definition
| Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough) Rough ER has ribosomes on surface |
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Term
List the organelle:
Membranous structure that prepares substances produced by ER for secrection out of cell |
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Definition
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Term
List the organelle:
Small sacs surrounded by membrane. Digests cellular debris with hydrolytic enzymes. Important in metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
List the organelle:
Membrane enclosed sacs smaller than lysosomes. Contain oxidases |
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Definition
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Term
List the organelle:
Large organelles that recognize abnormally folded or formed proteins. Involved in proteolysis |
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Definition
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Term
List the organelle:
Principal producer of cellular energy source ATP |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the cellular function:
The movement of substances in cell |
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Definition
Transportation:
Passive & Active |
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Term
| Permeable membrane that allows the mvmt of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Move towards equilibrium |
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Definition
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Term
| Water moves from lower concentration of particles to higher concentration of particles across a semipermeable membrane. Does this do dilute solute level. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pressure generated by osmosis is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Uses ATP to pump molecules across the membrane. Particles move from lower to higher concentration. This moves particles against concentration gradient |
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Definition
| Active transport Ex. sodium mvmt |
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Term
| Use of transport proteins. Substances are unable to cross the membrane because of their large size or hydrophilic characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the cellular function:
Taking things into the cell |
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Definition
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Term
| Process used to transport large substances into cells |
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Definition
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Term
| ATP requiring process of ingesting of very small vesicles (ex. water) |
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Definition
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Term
| process of ingesting large particles such as cells, bacteria, and damaged cellular components |
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Definition
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Term
| Transport of substances by the golgi appartus to the cytoplasm and then out of the cell via cellular membrane |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the cellular function:
Metabolic process that transforms fuel molecules into ATP |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of respiration? |
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Definition
Anaerobic (2 ATP produced from 1 glucose, without O2) *waste product = lactic acid
Aerobic (38 ATP produced from 1 glucose, with O2)
*waste product = carbon dioxide, heat, h20 |
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Term
Identify the cellular communication:
Signaling through gap junctions.
Communication orrucs by direct contact of membrane bound signaling molecule and a receptor |
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Definition
Contact dependent
Ex. cardiac cells |
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Term
Identify the cellular communication:
Ligand receptor binding that results in signal transduction with a local effect |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the cellular communication:
A wider range of impact occurs when signal tranduction affects cell behavior within the entire organism |
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Definition
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Term
| Reproduction of cells is under ____ control |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells must recieve signals for what 3 activities? |
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Definition
Proliferation
Differentiation
Cell survival or death (apoptosis) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in physical and functional properties of cells, directs the cell to develop into specific cell types |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 cellular responses to stressors? |
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Definition
| Adaptation or death (apoptosis) |
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Term
Identify the adaptive cellular change:
Decrease in the size of a cell. Stress of decreased functional demand; can be reversed if caught in time
ex. muscular wasting, cervical changes after menopause |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the adaptive cellular change:
Increase in cell size due to increased stimuli or workload. Ex. muscles and fat cells |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the adaptive cellular change:
Increase in the number of cells due to increased workload or hormonal stimulus.
ex. swollen lymph nodes, breast enlargement in pregnancy |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the adaptive cellular change:
Organized structural changes (cannot become cancer) |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the adaptive cellular change:
Actual change in cell size, shape, uniformity, arrangement, and structure (can become cancerous) |
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Definition
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Term
"Cellular suicide" Programmed cell death prompted by genetic signal and is designed to replace old cells with new
NO SPILLAGE |
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Definition
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Term
Death of cells related to cell injury. Occurs with irreversible cell injury after persistant severe stress
SPILLAGE OCCURS; spillage damages and kills neighboring cells along with original cell
ex. gangrene |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the line of defense:
Protection of the skin and mucous membranes |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the line of defense:
Effective inflammatory response (innate immunity) |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the line of defense:
specificity of the immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps of acute inflammation |
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Definition
1. Injury to tissue
2. Vascular and cellular response
3. Prepare wound for healing |
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Term
Identify response of acute inflammation:
Increase blood flow to the site of an injury |
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Definition
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Term
Identify response of acute inflammation:
Alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 5 cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
**LOCAL |
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Definition
1. erythema (redness)
2. heat
3. swelling
4. pain
5. loss of function |
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Term
| Watery fluid that accumulates at the sign of injury & has a high protein content and leukocyte concentration |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the systemic effects of the inflammatory response? |
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Definition
Malaise (not feeling well)
Anorexia (loss of appetite)
Pyrexia (fever) |
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Term
| What are the Laboratory findings of acute inflammatory response? |
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Definition
Leukocytosis
Higher percentage of circulating plasma proteins
Increased immature neutrophil counts |
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Term
| Persistant or recurrent state of inflammation lasting serveral weeks or longer. Occurs after unsucessful acute inflammatory and immune responses |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 general characterestics (major types) of chronic inflammation? |
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Definition
Tissue destruction (proteases/protinases)
Granuloma formation (granulation tissue)
Scar tissue formation (fibroblast) |
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Term
| What is the first step in the healing process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the second step of the healing process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the third phase of the healing process? |
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Definition
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Term
Identify which step of the healing process is described:
Acute inflammatory response |
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Definition
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Term
Identify which step of the healing process is described:
Hemostasis |
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Definition
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Term
Identify which step of the healing process is described:
Thrombus formation |
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Definition
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Term
Identify which step of the healing process is described:
Clean the debris |
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Definition
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Term
Identify which step of the healing process is described:
Restoration of structural integrity
granulation tissue formation
extracellular matrix restoration |
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Definition
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Term
Identify which step of the healing process is described:
Restoration of functional integrity
Resolution
Regeneration
Replacement |
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Definition
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Term
Identify which step of the healing process is described:
Maturation of cells |
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Definition
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Term
Identify which step of the healing process is described:
Degradation of provisional matrix |
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Definition
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Term
| List some conditions that promote wound healing |
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Definition
Youth
good nutrition
adequate hemoglobin
effective circulation
clean undisturbed wound
no infection or further trauma to site |
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Term
Healing by intention:
Wound is basically closed with all areas of the wound connecting and healing simultaneously
Ex. surgical incision, papercut |
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Definition
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Term
Healing by intention:
Heal from the bottom up. Process slow and involved. Greater risk for scarring and infection
Ex. larger, open, crater like wounds
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Definition
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Term
| Common complications of wound healing |
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Definition
Infection: invasion by microorganisms
Ulceration: open, craterlike lesions of skin or mucous membranes. Necrotic. Lack of perfusion
Dehiscence: Deficient scar formation. Wound splits or bursts open at suture line
Adhesions: fibrous connections between serous cavities and nearby tissues, inhibit tissue mvmt.
Keloid: hypertrophic scars, excessive collegan formation |
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