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Quick's Genetics
genetics
30
Biology
10th Grade
02/12/2010

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Term
genetics
Definition
field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are passed from parents to offspring
Term
heredity
Definition
transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring
Term
trait
Definition
variant of a characteristic
Term
pollination
Definition
occurs when pollen from anthers of one plant come in contact with the stigma of another plant
Term
self-pollination
Definition
when pollen from one plant comes in contact with a stigma on the same plant
Term
cross-pollination
Definition
when pollen from one plant comes in contact with the stigma of another plant
Term
true-breeding
Definition
organisms that when bred always produce offspring with a certain trait
Term
P generation
Definition
true-breeding parents of Mendel's experiments
Term
F1 generation
Definition
offspring of the P generation
Term
F2 generation
Definition
offspring of the F1 generation
Term
dominant
Definition
word used to describe how one trait masks the other trait for the same characteristic
Term
recessive
Definition
name given to the trait that is masked
Term
law of segregation
Definition
states that pairs of factors separate during the formation of gametes
Term
law of independent assortment
Definition
says that the separation of factors is random
Term
molecular genetics
Definition
study of the structure and function of genes
Term
allele
Definition
alternative forms of a gene
Term
genotype
Definition
an organism's genetic make up or its allele combination
Term
phenotype
Definition
the organism's physical appearance due to its genotype
Term
homozygous
Definition
when both alleles in a genotype are the same
Term
heterozygous
Definition
an organism that has one dominant allele and one recessive allele
Term
probability
Definition
the likelihood that a specific event will occur
Term
monohybrid cross
Definition
cross in which one characteristic is tracked
Term
punnet square
Definition
a diagram using in predicting the probability of certain traits being inherited by offspring
Term
genotypic ratio
Definition
the ratio of genotypes that appear in offspring
Term
phenotypic ratio
Definition
ratio of the offsprings physical appearance
Term
test cross
Definition
when an individual with an unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual
Term
complete dominance
Definition
when one allele is completely dominant over another
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
when heterozygous individuals have an intermediate phenotype.
Term
codominance
Definition
when both alleles are expressed equally
Term
dihybrid cross
Definition
a cross in which two characteristics are tracked
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