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| The Science that deals with the collection, classification, analysis, and interpretation of numerical facts of data |
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| A number that represents a set of numbers in any of several ways determined by a rule involving all numbers of a set: The Average |
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| The middle value in a distrabution above and below which lie an equal numbber of values. Pertaining to or constituting the middle value in a distribution |
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| The Value or item occurring most frequently in a series of observations or statistical data |
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A mathmatical value describing the typical difference from the mean and is the most commonly used statistic for describing the dispersion of groups of single observations
(Represented as the Symbol "s") |
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| Coefficient of variation (CV) |
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| Scatter around the mean expressed in percent. A measure of the interdependence of 2 random variables that ranges in value from negative to positive |
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| A theoretical frequency distribution represented by a normal curve |
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The usual values for a healthy population; also known as "Reference Interval"
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| A Type of analytical error; random error affects precision and is the basis for disagreement between repeated measurments |
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| A Type of analytical error which arises from factors that contribute a constant difference, either positive or negative, and directly affects the estimate of the mean |
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| The extent to which a measurment agrees with the true value of the analyte being assayed |
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| The ability to produce series of results that agree closely with each other(reproducibility) |
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| The measure of ability to acheive both accuracy and precision |
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| All systematic actions necessary to provide the confidence in laboratory services |
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| Examples of quality assurance |
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Quality Control
Maintenence
Temperature Logs
Background Checks
Supervisory Review |
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Definition
One component of the quality assurance system.
(Tests the analytical phase of testing)
Examples: Vitros
Coulter |
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Monitor analytical processes
Detect analytical errors during analysis
Prevent reporting of incorrect patient values |
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Used to interpret the measured concentration of the controls
(Shewhart(1920))
(Levey and jennings(1950))
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| Factors that contribute a constant difference and directly affect the estimate of the mean |
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| Causes of systematic error |
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Definition
Poorly made standards or reagents
Failing instrumentation
Poorly written procedures
Analysts systemic error |
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| Statistical analysis affected by a systematic error |
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Definition
Mean (Shift above or below)
Standard deviation
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| Reflects variations in the results within a method |
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Inherent Unpreventable error
Technique variation
Temperature Fluctuations
Laboratory enviroment
Sampling error |
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| Factors which are dpendent on instruments (Components and calibration) |
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| Analytic factors minimized by... |
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| Regular maintenance control and proper use of quality control |
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Recording/ transcription errors
Transmitting patient data
Automation
Computer generated reports
Errors decrease greatly |
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Definition
provide a summarization of the important features of a group of data
(May be based on single observations or paired observations) |
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