Term
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Definition
| the tendency for the pressure of a weapon to draw attention and impair a witness’s ability to identify the culprit |
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Term
| Own-Race Identification Bias |
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Definition
| people are better at recognizing members of their own racial group than other |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for a false post-event misinfo to become integrated into people’s memory of an event |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical instrument that records physiological arousal from multiple channel |
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Term
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Definition
| the pretrial examination of prospective jurors by the judge or opposing lawyers to uncover signs of bias |
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Term
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Definition
| a means by which lawyers can exclude a limited number of prospective jurors without the judge’s approval |
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Term
| Scientific Jury Selection |
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Definition
| a method of selecting juries through surveys that yield correlations between demographics and trial-relevant attitudes |
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Term
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Definition
| a jury-selection procedure used in capital cases that permits judges to exclude prospective jurors who say they would not vote for the death penalty |
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Term
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Definition
| people who are exposed to the show are more likely to be let down by lack of evidence compared to the show and vote for acquittal |
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Term
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Definition
| the jury’s power to disregard, or “nullify,” the law when it conflicts with personal conceptions of justice |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for jury deliberation to produce a tilt toward acquittal |
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Term
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Definition
| inconsistency of sentences for the same offense from one judge to another |
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Term
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Definition
| a dispute-resolution system in which the prosecution and defense present opposing sides of the story |
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Term
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Definition
| a dispute-resolution system in which a neutral investigator gathers evidence from both sides and presents the findings in court |
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Term
| Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology |
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Definition
| the study of human behavior in business and other organizational settings |
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Term
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Definition
| the finding that workers who were given special attention (changes) increased their productivity regardless of what actual changes were made in the work setting |
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Term
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Definition
| questionnaires designed to test a job applicant’s honesty and character |
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Term
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Definition
| an interview in which each job applicant is asked a standard set of questions and evaluated on the same criteria |
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Term
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Definition
| a structured setting in which job applicants are exhaustively tested and judged by multiple evaluators |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of evaluating an employee’s work within the organization |
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Term
| Contingency Model of Leadership |
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Definition
| the theory that leadership effectiveness is determined both by the personal characteristics of leaders and by the control afforded by the situation |
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Term
| Normative Model of Leadership |
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Definition
| the theory that leadership effectiveness is determined by the amount of feedback and participation that leaders invite from workers |
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Term
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Definition
| one who gains compliance and support from followers through goal setting and the use of rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| one who inspires followers to transcend their own needs in the interest of a common cause |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that workers become motivated when they believe that their efforts will produce valued outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to inflate the value of objects, goods, or services they already own |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for people to persist in failing investments to avert loss, which causes losses to mount |
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Term
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Definition
| the economic rule of thumb that only future costs and benefits, not past commitments, should be considered in making a decision |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of physical health and illness by psychologists from various areas of specialization |
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Term
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Definition
| an unpleasant state of arousal in which people perceive the demands of an event as taxing or exceeding their ability to satisfy or alter those demands |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which people make judgments about the demands of potentially stressful events and their ability to meet those demands |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| anything that causes stress |
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Term
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Definition
| a condition in which a person experiences enduring physical and psychological symptoms after an extremely stressful event |
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Term
| General Adaptation Syndrome |
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Definition
| a three-stage process (alarm, resistance, and exhaustion) by which the body responds to stress |
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Term
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Definition
| a pattern of behavior characterized by extremes of competitive striving for achievement, a sense of time urgency, hostility, and aggression (also called coronary-prone behavior pattern) |
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Term
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Definition
| a biological surveillance system that detects and destroys “nonself” substances that invade the body |
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Term
| Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) |
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Definition
| study of effect of the mind on health and resistance to disease |
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Term
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Definition
| a phenomenon in which experience with an uncontrollable event creates passive behavior in the face of subsequent threats to well-being |
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Term
| Depressive Explanatory Style |
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Definition
| a habitual tendency to attribute negative events to causes that are internal, stable, and global |
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Term
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Definition
| a person’s belief that he or she is capable of the specific behavior required to produce a desired outcome in a given situation |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive and behavioral efforts to alter a stressful situation |
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Term
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Definition
| cognitive and behavioral efforts to reduce the distress produced by a stressful situation |
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Term
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Definition
| up-front efforts to ward off or modify the onset of a stressful event |
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Term
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Definition
| the helpful coping resources provided by friends and other people |
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Term
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Definition
| one’s happiness, or life satisfaction, as measured by self-report |
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