Details Title: Pulmonary ventilation p. 47 Description: pulm ventilation and interpretation of arterial blood gases Total Flash Cards: 25 Created: 04/17/2009 19:46:45		New Users: To study from this flashcard set, or to create your own your own study flash cards, REGISTER HERE. Existing Users: CLICK HERE. Additional Archaeology Flashcards
Cards in this set: Term value for normal tidal volume Definition 7 ml/kg of ideal body weight (~500 mL) Term value for anatomic dead space volume Definition 2 ml/kg (~150 mL) Term values measured with a spirometer Definition tidal volume and vital capacity Term name 3 ways to measure functional residual capacity (FRC) Definition helium dilution, nitrogen washout, or body plethysmography Term How do you calculate total ventilation (VE) (also called minute ventilation)? Definition tidal volume (VT) x respiratory rate (RR) Term Calculate PIO2: partial pressure of inhaled oxygen in the lungs Definition 0.21 x (PB-PH2O) = 0.21 x (760 - 47) = 149 mmHg Term Calculate PICO2 Definition 0.0004 x (760-47) = 0.29 Term What are the alveolar partial pressures of O2 and CO2 (PAO2, PACO2) at sea level? Definition PAO2 = 100, PACO2 = 40 mmHg Term Equation for alveolar PAO2 Definition PAO2 = PIO2 - (PACO2/R) +F (usually ignored, R = VCO2/VO2 ~ 0.8 Term Equation for measuring physiologic dead space Definition VD/VT = (PACO2-PECO2)/PACO2 = (PaCO2-PECO2)/PaCO2 Term normal pH range Definition 7.35-7.45 Term normal values for PaCO2 Definition 35-45 mmHg Term Normal values for PaO2 Definition 80-100 mmHg Term normal SaO2 values (hemoglobin saturation) Definition 96-100% Term normal HCO3- values Definition range between 22-32 mmol/L Term causes of abnormally low PaO2 Definition decrease in partial pressure of PIO2 (high altitude), hypoventilation, diffusion limitation in the lungs, shunting of blood, V/Q mismatch Term metabolic acidosis Definition pH is low, HCO3- is low Term metabolic alkalosis Definition pH is high, HCO3- is high Term respiratory acidosis Definition pH is low, PaCO2 is high Term equation and normal values for calculation of anion gap Definition [Na+]-[Cl-]+ [HCO3-]; normal range: 10-14 Term Disorders in which diffusing capacity is is reduced: Definition emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pulmonary edema, anemia Term Disorders in which diffusion capacity is increased: Definition polycythemia, alveolar hemorrhage, early heart failure Term PFTs that are reduced in people with neuromuscular disease or respiratory muscle fatigue Definition maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) Term characteristics and examples of obstructive lung disease: Definition decreased expiratory flows, decreased FEV1/FVC, TLC is normal or increased (hyperinflation); examples: asthma, emphysema Term characteristics and examples of restrictive lung disease: Definition decreased expiratory flows, but normal FEV1/FVc, decreased TLC, decreased compliance; examples: pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, neuromuscular disease, kyphoscoliosis