Term
| Interstitial Lung Disease |
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Definition
| a. affecting interstitium, lung tissue, and space around air sacs |
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Term
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (UIP) |
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Definition
1. Diagnosis of Exclusion
2. Usually age >50
3. Insidious unexplained Dyspnea upon exertion or at rest (most common)
4. Bibasilar inspiratory crackles
5. Dry cough
6. Decreased activity tolerance
7. Cyanosis/Clubbing nails
8. Tachypnea
9. Signs of Right Ventricle Failure |
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Term
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Definition
1. More common African American, female, age 20-40
2. Often no symptoms, but abnormal CXR
3. Can have fever, SOB, neurologic or vision abnormalities, enlarged Lymph nodes, Hepatomegaly or Splenomegaly, dry cough, weight loss, kidney stones |
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Term
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Definition
| See Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia COP |
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Term
| Non-cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia |
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Definition
| 1. Associated with HIV, Rheumatic Pneumonia, Drug induced, Radiation, Cocaine, Collagen Vascular Disease, Lung or Bone Marrow Transplant, Heme disorders/malignancies, and coronary artery bypass graft |
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Term
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Definition
1. Simple Chronic: Rxn to free crystalline silica long term (20yrs)
2. Accelerated: larger amount over 5-15 yrs
3. Acute: large amount over short term
4. Inflamed lungs, can fill w/ fluid
5. Chronic cough
6. SOB, can be severe and worse w/ exercise
7. More common with Acute: fever, weight loss |
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Term
| Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis |
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Definition
1. Significant amount of exposure to coal, graphite, or man made carbon
2. Lung inflammation and scarring
3. Simple: 1-2 mm noudules
4. Complicated: >1cm masses of fibrotic areas w/ cavaties
5. Age > 50
6. SOB, chronic cough, crackles |
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Term
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Definition
1. long-term heavy inhalation
2. Inc. risk in smokers
3. SOB, cough, chest tighness/pain
4. Clubbing, lung crackles
5. Related Dz: pleural plaques, malignant mesothelioma |
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Term
| Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis |
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Definition
Acute:
1. Cough, fever, chills
2. SOB, malaise
Subacute:
1. Wheeze w/ SOB
Chronic:
1. dry cough w/ SOB
2. Weight loss, loss of appetite |
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Term
| Drug Inuduced Parenchymal Disease |
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Definition
1. Usually Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Eosinophilic LD, or organizing pneumonia
2. Any drug but commonly: Bleomycin |
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Term
| Radiation Induced Lung Disease |
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Definition
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Term
| Obesity- Restrictive Lung Disease |
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Definition
1. Hypoventilation Syndrome- BMI >30, Hypercapnea
2. Decreased lung volume |
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Term
| Diaphragm Paralysis Restrictive Lung Disease |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Previous contact w/ TB
2. Immunocompromised, more likely
3. Cough, fever, sweats
4. Weight loss
5. Hemoptysis- only seen late if seen |
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Term
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Definition
1. cough, wheezing, pulsus paradoxus
2. SOB, chest tighness
3. sputum production
4. decreased exercise tolerance
5. May be associated w/ allergens, occupation, medications, or exercise
6. Family Hx important |
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Term
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Definition
1. Men >women, older, lower SEC status,
2. Airway obstruction, inflammation, structural chxs
3.Dyspnea
4. chronic cough and sputum
5. Hx exposure to smoke, environmental pollution, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
1. increased mucus production
2. recurrent cough, intermittent dyspnea
3. frequent infections
4. Pedal edema
5. hemoptysis
6. cyanosis, wheezing, diminished breath sounds,
7. weight gain
8. distant heart sounds |
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Term
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Definition
1. chronic cigarette smoking
2. slowly progressive dyspnea
3. minimal cough, scant sputum, minimal wheezing
3. occasional infections,
4. significant wt loss
5. barrel chest, pursed lips, accessory muscles
6. decreased breath sounds |
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Term
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Definition
1. chronic cough
2. blood streaked sputum
3. clubbing
4. recurrent pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
1. Airway filled w/ mucus = bacterial infections, widened airway
2. Cor pulmonale, pneumothorax, nasal polyps, chronic sinusitis
3. Exocrine pancreatic- malnutrition, diabetes mellitis, steatorrhea
4. Cirrhosis- portal hypertension
5. kidney and gallstones
6. salty sweat |
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Term
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Definition
1. pain tenderness, warmth, edema, erythema
2. dilated collateral vessels |
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Term
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Definition
1. Leg pain, swelling, erythema, warmth
2. dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, all sudden
3. tachypnea, fever, tachycardia |
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Term
| Primary Pulmonary Hypertension |
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Definition
1. progressive dyspnea, cough, chest pain
2. syncope, hemoptysis, pedal edema
3. diminished expansion, crackles
4. JVD, hepatomegaly |
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Term
| Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension |
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Definition
1. Cardiac disease- pressure or volume overload
2. Respiratory disease- vasoconstriction |
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Term
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Definition
1. chest pain, cough, tachypnea, SOB, dyspnea
2. fever
3. dullness |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. pain that worsens with movement or deep breaths |
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Term
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Definition
1. sharp chest pain made worse by cough or deep breath
2.SOB
3. Can have tachycardia, fatigue, nasal flaring
4. decreased or no breath sounds over affected area |
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Term
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Definition
1. HAP developing after 48-72 hrs
2. fever, cough, worsening oxygenation |
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Term
| Hospital Acquired Pneumonia |
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Definition
1. fever, chills, anorexia, nausea vomiting
2. SOB, sharp chest pain
3. confusion in the elderly |
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Term
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Definition
1. LB pain, chest pain, SOB
2. persistent cough, fever, wt loss
3. Hx asbestos exposure |
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Term
| Community Acquired Pneumonia |
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Definition
1. Fever, cough
2. tachycardia, crackles over lungs
3. tachypnea, chest pain, rales, consolidation
4. Confusion in the elderly |
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Term
| Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Pt |
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Definition
| 1. HIV/AIDS, organ transplant recipient, chemotherapy, heme malignancies, long-term high dose steroids, splenectomy, sickle cell disease |
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Term
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Definition
1. cough, fever, chills
2. purulent sputum
3. chest pain, SOB, wheezing
4. consolidation, bronchial breath sounds |
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Term
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Definition
1. chest pain, dry cough, fever chills, SOB
2. excessive sweating
3. wt loss, malaise
4. decrease breath sounds or friction rub |
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Term
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Definition
1. smoking
2. occupational- asbestos, radon, metals
3. COPD |
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Term
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Definition
1. Higher death rate than some cx combined
2. cigarette leading cause
3. quitting smoking does dec. risk |
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Term
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Definition
1. small cell
2. non-small cell |
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Term
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Definition
1. Often no symptoms, very vague
2. chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, SOB, wheezing, tachycardia, recurrent pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
1. bone pain, especially back pain = poor prognosis
2. N/V, headaches
2. mental status change, seizures, incoordination |
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Term
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Definition
1. older, Hx smoking, previous hx cancer
2. Solitary- <3c
3. Spiculated- high chance malignancy
Usually an incidental finding |
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Term
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Definition
1. bloody sputum
2. cough, chest pain, anorexia, SOB, wheezing, weight loss, anorexia
3. hoarseness, atelectasis
4. Superior vena cava syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
1. Squamous cell- 30%, male, centrally with mainstem or lobar bronchus
2. Adenocarcinoma- 35% women, some non-smokers, periphery of lung
3. Large cell 10%, poorly differentiated
4. Chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, fatigue, anorexia, wt loss, SOB, wheezing, hoarseness
5. may hear fluid around lung, atelectasis |
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Term
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Definition
1. consequence of cancer
2. Cushing's syndrome, SIADH, hypercalcemia, Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome, encephalitis, cerebellar degeneration, acanthosis nigrans |
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Term
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Definition
1. chest pain, chills, fever, cough, hemoptysis
2. SOB, hoarseness, wt loss
3. stridor, lymphadadenopathy |
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Term
| Idiopathic Pulm Fibrosis- Chronic Progressive |
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Definition
| extensive deposition of Collagen leading to widespread fibrosis |
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Term
| Idiopathic Pulm Fibrosis- Acute Exacerbation |
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Definition
1. Within 30 days
2. Previous Dx
3. Worsening or New Dyspnea, otherwise unexplained
4. New Bilateral ground glass abnormality or consolidation superimposed on reticular or honeycomb background.
5. No evidence of Pulm Infection |
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Term
| Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia |
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Definition
1. Begins with flu-like Symps
2. Progressively mild dyspnea
3. Anorexia, weight loss
4. Focal, sparse crackles |
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Term
| Acute Respiratory Failure |
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Definition
1. Hypoxia with (Type II) or without (type I) hypercapnea
2. Caused by pulmonary or cardiac dysfunction
3. V/Q mismatch |
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Term
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome |
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Definition
1. dyspnea, tachypnea, SOB
2. low BP, organ failure, cyanosis
3.Abnormal breath sounds |
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Term
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Definition
1. Infants (especially preterm) displaying respiratory distress
2. tachypnea, cyanosis, expiratory grunting
3. poor air movement on auscultation, despite increased respiratory effort
4. hypoexpansion and air bronchograms on CXR, doming of diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
"asthma attack"
1. SOB, wheezing, chest tightness
2. coughing, decreased breath sounds
3. accessory respiratory muscles, paradoxical pulse, cyanosis |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. inflammation of airway, reversible airflow obstruction, bronchospasm w/ episodes of acute asthma |
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Term
| Lower Respiratory Tract Infection |
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Definition
1. bronchitis
2. pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
1. loud snoring, observation of apnea/gasping by bedmate
2. hypertension, large neck circumference
3. Daytime sleepiness may or may not be present
4. obesity, retrognathia, large tongue |
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Term
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Definition
1. fatigue, sleepiness, headaches
2. dysphagia, voice change, weakness or numbness throughout body |
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Term
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Definition
1. decerebrate posturing, fixed dilated pupils
2. coma or profound stupor, quadriparesis
3. absent corneal reflex
4. No gag reflex
5. pattern of breathing characterized by a prolonged inspiratory phase followed by expiration apnea
6. Associated w/ head injury |
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Term
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Definition
1. complete irregularity of breathing, irregular pauses, increasing periods of apnea
2. More irregular than Biot's breathing |
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Term
| Cheyne-Stokes Respiration |
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Definition
| 1. abnormal pattern of breathing progressively deeper, sometimes faster, followed by gradual decrease that results in apnea |
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Term
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Definition
1. most common malignancy in pts w/ HIV
2. Skin most common, involve airway, lung tissue, mediastinal lymph nodes and pleura
3. cough, dyspnea, fever |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cytomegalovirus- dyspnea, non-productive cough, fever, diffuse opacities on CXR ("Owl's eye")
2. Atypical mycobacteria MAC- persistent fever, diarrhea, WASTING, disseminated pulmonary involvement
3. Fungal pneumonia- meningitis, diffuse infiltrates most common on CXR
4. Pulmonary Aspergilosis- cavitation and hemoptysis, invasive parenchymal infection, dyspnea and airway obstruction
5. Pulmonary HTN
6. ILD
7. Immune reconstitution syndrome- deterioration due to recovery of immune system, AIDS pt on HAART, appears like infection or inflammatory |
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Term
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Definition
1. fungal- gradual onset
2. fever, cough (generally non-productive), progressive dyspnea
3. Other: fatigue, chills, chest pain, wt loss
4. HIV associated |
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