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Definition
| The materials used to support a speakers ideas |
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| The three major kinds of supporting materials |
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Definition
| examples, statistics, and testimony. |
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| A specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like. |
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| A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point. |
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| A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point. |
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| An example that describes an imarginary or fictitious situation |
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Term
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Definition
1. use examples to clarify your ideas
2. use examples to reinforce your ideas
3. use examples to personalize you ideas
4. make your examples vivid and richly textured
5. practice delivery to enhance your extended examples |
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Term
| Tips for using statistics |
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Definition
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use statistics to quantify your ideas
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use statistics sparingly
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identify the sources of your statistics
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explain your statistics
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round off complicated statistics
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use visual aids to clarify statistical trends
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Definition
| Quotations or paraphrase used to support a point |
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| Testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields |
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| Testimony form ordiary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic |
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| testimoney forom ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic |
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| To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words |
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Definition
| Quote or parapharse accurately |
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| quoting a statment in such a way as to distort it's meaning by removing statement from the words and phrases surrounding it |
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Term
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Definition
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quote or parapharse accurately
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use testimoney from qualified sources
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use testimoney for unbiased sources
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identify the people you quote or paraphrase
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Term
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Definition
| the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phase |
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| the meaning suggested by the associations or emotion triggered by a word or pharse |
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| words that refer to tangible objects |
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| words that refer to ideas or concepts |
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| words that refer to ideas or concepts |
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| discourse that take many more words than are necessary to express an idea |
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| the use of vivid language to create mental image of object, actions, or ideas |
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| an explicit comparison introduced with the word like or as between thing that are essentially different yet have something in common |
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| a trite or overused expression |
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Definition
| an implicit comparsion, not introduced with the word like or as between two things that are essentially different but have something in common |
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| the parttern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words |
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The similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences |
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| reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses sentences |
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| repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words |
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| the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure |
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| language that does not stereotype, demean or patronize people on the base of gender, race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or other factors |
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Definition
| the use of "he" to refer to both women and men |
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Definition
| communication based on a person's use of voice and body, rather than on theuse of words |
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Definition
- reading form a manuscript
- reciting form memory
- speaking impromptu
- speaking extemporaneously
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Definition
| a speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience |
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| a speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation |
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| a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes |
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| presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed |
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| the loadness or softness of the speakers voice |
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| the highness or lowness of the speakers voice |
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| changes in the pitch or tone of a speakers voice |
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| a constant pitch or tone of voice |
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| the speed at which a person speaks |
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| a monentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech |
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| a pause that occurs when a speakers fills the silence between words with vocalizations such |
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Definition
| changes in a speakers rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variey and expressiveness |
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| the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language |
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| the physical production of particular speech sounds |
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| a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary |
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| the study of body motions as a systematic mode of communications |
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| motions of a speakers hand or arms during a speech |
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| direct visual contact with the eyes of another person |
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| the process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or a actions |
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| mental dialogue with the audience |
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Definition
| the mental give and take between speaker and listener during persuasive speech |
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Definition
| the portion of the whole audience that the speaker moset want to persuade |
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| a question about the truth or falsity of an assertion |
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| a question about the worth, rightness, morality and so forth of an idea or a action |
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| a question about whether a specific course of action should or should not be take |
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| Speech to gain passive agreement |
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Definition
| : a persuasive speech in which the speaker’s goal is to convince the audience that a given policy is desirable with out encouraging the audience to take action in support of the policy. |
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| Speech to gain immediate action |
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Definition
| A persuasive speech in which the speakers goal is to convince the audience to take action in support of a given policy. |
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Term
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Definition
| the first basic issue of analyzing a question of policy, is there a serious problem or need that requires a change form current policy |
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| the obligation facing a persuasive speakers to prove that a change form current policy is necessary. |
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| the second baisc issue in analyzing a question of policy: if there is a problem with current policy, does the speaker have a plan to solve the problem? |
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| the thrid basic in analyzing a question of policy: will the speaker plan solve the problem, will it create new and more serious problem? |
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Definition
| a method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem |
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| problem cause solution order |
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Definition
| a method of organzing persuasive speeches in which the first main point identifies a problem, the second main point analyze the causes of the problem, and the thrid main ponit presents a solution to the problem |
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| comparative advantage order |
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Definition
| a method of organizing persuasive speeches in which each main point identifies a problem, the seonc main point analyze the cause of the problem, and the thrid main point presents a solution to the problem. |
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| Monroe's Motivated Sequence |
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Definition
| a method of orgainzing persuaive speeches that seek immediate action |
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| five steps to Monroe's Motivated Sequence |
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Definition
- attention
- need
- satisfaction
- visualization
- action
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Definition
| the name used by aristotle for what modern student's communication refers to as credibility |
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Definition
| how an audience regards a speakers intelligence, epertise, and knowledge of the subject |
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Definition
| how an audience regards a speakers sincerity, trustworthiiness, and concern for the wellbeing of the audience |
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Definition
| the audience's perception of whether speakers is qualified to speak on a given topic |
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Definition
| The credibility of a speaker before she or he starts to speak |
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Definition
| The credibility of a speaker produced by everything she or he says and does during the speech. |
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Definition
| The credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech |
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Term
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Definition
| supporting materials used to prove or disprove something. |
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Definition
· the name used by Aristotle for the logical appeal of a speaker. Two major elements of logos are evidence and reasoning. |
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Definition
| the process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence |
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Definition
| an error in causal reasoninging in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one event follows another, the first events is the casue of the second. |
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Definition
| an analogy in which the two cases being compared not essentially alike |
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Definition
| A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion. |
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| A fallacy that attacks the person rather then dealing with the real issue in dispute. |
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Definition
| A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist. |
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Definition
| A fallacy that assumes that because something is poplar, it is therefore good, correct, or desirable |
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Definition
| A fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented. |
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Definition
| the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication refer to as emotional appeal. |
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| Speeches of Presentation: |
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Definition
A speech that presents someone a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition. |
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Definition
| A speech that give thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public recognition |
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Term
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Definition
| A speech that pays tribute to an person, a group of people, an institution, or an idea |
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