PHARMACOLOGY

FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE

INCREASED B.P AND HEART RATE

REST AND RELAXATION RESPONSE

DECREASED B.P AND HEART RATE

IMPORTANT IN:

MOTOR FUNCTIONS

HIGHER COGINITIVE PROCESSES

ATTENTION

PARKINSON'S DISEASE

ADHD

IMPORTANT IN:

ATTENTION AND ALERTNESS

OTHER HIGHER COGINITIVE PROCESSES

MOOD

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

EPINEPHRINE

(ADRENALINE)

IMPORTANT IN:

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

EXCITATORY G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS

METABOTROPIC

INHIBITORY G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS

METABOTROPIC

INVOLVED IN:

MEMORY

LOSS OF CAUSES ALZHEIMER'S

AUTONOMIC FUNCTION

FOUND IN PARASYMPATHETIC BRANCH AND IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX

NEURODEGERERATIVE DISEASE

BEGINS WITH MILD MEMORY LOSS

MASSIVE DAMAGE OCCURS TO SYNAPSES IN THE TEMPORAL CORTEX AS WELL AS THE HIPPOCAMPUS

ABSENCE

MYOCLONIC

ATONIC

TONIC

CLONIC

TONIC-CLONIC

*ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY*

WAYS OF ADMINISTERING THE DRUGS INTO THE BODY AND PEOPLE GETTING ADDICTED TO DRUGS WHILE USING THEM FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES

DISEASE MODEL

TREATS ADDICTION AS A MEDICAL DISORDER

USED NOW

TAKES GUILT AWAY FROM USERS

OFFERS MEDICAL HELP

BAD EFFECTS FROM THE DRUG

INVOLVED IN PROCESS CALLED FIRST PASS METABOLISM

RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAJORITY OF DRUG METABOLISM

IF DRUG GOES TO THE LIVER BEFORE IT GOES TO THE BRAIN THE EFFECTS WILL BE REDUCED

PROTEIN MOLECULE LOCATED EITHER ON THE SURFACE OF OR WITHIN CELLS

THE INITIAL SITES OF ACTION OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AGENT SUCH AS A NEUROTRANSMITTER, HORMONE OR DRUG (ALL REFERRED TO AS LIGANDS)

ANY MOLECULE THAT BINDS TO A RECEPTOR WITH SOME SELECTIVITY

AGONIST

BINDS TO A RECEPTOR

INDUCES A RESPONSE FROM THE RECEPTOR

BINDS TO A RECEPTOR

DOES NOT INDUCE A RESPONSE FROM THE RECEPTOR

INVOLVED IN:

ATTENTION

DRUG ADDICTION AND ABUSE

PLANNING

MEMORY

INHIBITION OF BEHAVIOR AND RESPONSE

INVOLVED IN:

HEARING (AUDITORY STIMULI)

UNDERSTANDING WORDS

EPILEPSY

INVOLVED IN:

PROCESSING WHAT YOU SEE

BOTTOM-UP, TOP-DOWN

INVOLVED IN:

ASSOCIATION AND INTEGRATION OF COMPLEX INFORMATION

INVOLVED IN:

MOTOR INITIATIONS

MOTOR COORDINATION

INVOLVED IN:

MOTIVATION

EMOTION (FRONTAL CORTEX PART)

FEAR CONDITIONING

REWARD BEHAVIOR

INVOLVED IN:

FINE MOTOR COORDINATION

FINE COGNITIVE COORDINATION

FINE-TUNES THE FINE-TUNING PROCESS PERFOMED BY THE PRE-FRONTAL CORTEX

BRIEF ELECTICAL SIGNAL TRANSMITTED ALONG A NEURON'S AXON

INITIATES A CHAIN OF EVENTS THAT ALLOWS ONE NEURON TO COMMUNICATE WITH ANOTHER THROUGH THE RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS

DEPOLARIZING MEMBRANE EVENTS

(SODIUM)

HYPERPOLARIZING MEMBRANE EVENTS

(CHLORIDE)

A MOLECULE BINDS TO THE RECEPTOR

OPENS A PORE

ALLOWS IONS INTO THE CELL

METABOTROPIC

(INDIRECT)

IN TURKEY

DOES NOT MAKE YOU SLEEPY

ACTIVATES THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

WIDENING OF BLOOD VESSELS IN THE BRAIN CAUSES STRETCHING OF NERVES WRAPPED AROUND THE BLOOD VESSELS

NAUSEA

VOMITING

DIARRHEA

SENSITIVE TO LIGHT AND SOUND

BLURRED VISION

THROBBING HEAD PAIN (ONE SIDE)

HINDERS DAILY ACTIVITY

PURE FOOD AND DRUG ACT

1906

PURITY OF MEDS AND FOOD

LABELING MUST BE ACCURATE (KNOW WHAT'S IN YOUR STUFF)

DID NOT MAKE DRUGS ILLEGAL

HARRISON ACT

1914

PROHIBITION

18TH AMENDMENT

BANNED NON-MEDICAL USE OF MARIJUANA

CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE ACT

1970

ESTABLISHED THE CURRENT SYSTEM OF DRUG SCHEDULING (I, II, III, IV, V)

CREATED DEA (DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY)

ADVIL

1/2 LIFE: 3-4 HOURS

ALEVE

1/2 LIFE: 12 HOURS

ZOLOFT

1/2 LIFE: 2-3 DAYS

MORPHINE

1/2 LIFE: 1.5-2 HOURS

PROZAC

1/2 LIFE: 7-9 DAYS

ASPIRIN

1/2 LIFE: 3-4 HOURS

COKE

BIG C

SNOW

1/2 LIFE: .5-1.5 HOURS

TOBACCO

1/2 LIFE: 2 HOURS

MARIJUANA

WEED

POT

GRASS

1/2 LIFE: 20-30 HOURS

CONTAIN RECEPTORS

"RECOGNIZE AND RESPOND TO SPECIFIC CHEMICALS' SIGNALS"

CELL BODY

DENDRITES

AXON

PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS

CNS

(CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM)

WORK VERY RAPIDY

NO MEDICAL USE

HIGH ABUSE POTENTIAL

HEROIN

LSD

MESCALINE

MARIJUANA

THC

MDMA

HIGH ABUSE POTENTIAL WITH SEVERE PSYCHIC OR PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

OPIUM

AMPHETAMINE

RITALIN

PCP

DEMEROL

COCAINE

CODEINE

MORPHINE

LESS ABUSE POTENTIAL

INCLUDING COMPOUNDS CONTAINING LIMITED QUANTITIES OF CERTAIN ARCOTICS AND NONNARCOTIC DRUGS

PAREGORIC

BARBITUATES

LESS ABUSE POTENTIAL THAN SCHEDULE III

VALUIM

XANAX

LESS ABUSE POTENTIAL THAN SCHEDULE IV

LIMITED AMOUNTS OF CERTAIN NARCOTIC DRUGS GETNERALLY FOR ANTITUSSIVE (COUGH SUPPRESANT) AND ANTI-DIARRHEAL

PROVIDE STRUCTURAL SUPPORT

MAINTAIN IONIC AND CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT

STORE NUTRIENTS TO PROVIDE ENERGY FOR NERONS

PERFORM PHAGOCYTOSIS

PERFORM PHAGOCYTOSIS

PROVIDE IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCION

FORM MYELIN SHEATH ON A SINGLE AXON IN THE PNS

RELEASE GROWTH FACTORS FOLLOWING NEURON DAMAGE

PROVIDE A CHANNEL TO GUIDE AXONS TO TARGETS

FORM MYELIN SHEATH ON MULTIPLE AXONS IN THE CNS

INHIBIT REGROWHT OF AXONS FOLLOWING NEURON DAMAGE

RESULTS FROM DEATH OF NEURONS IN THE SUBSTANTIA NIGRA (GETS NAME FROM DARK APPEARANCE)

80% OF CELL DEATH IN NUCLEUS MUST OCCUR BEFORE SYMPTOMS ARISE

NEURODEGENERATIVE AND IRREVERSIBLE

RESTING TREMOR

BRADYKINESIA

RIGIDITY

POSTURAL INSTABILITIES

LOSS OF FACIAL EXPRESSION (MASKING)

DYSTONIA

STOOPED POSTURE

IMPAIRED FINE MOTOR COORDINATION

DROOLING

MICROGRAPHIA (SMALL HANDWRITING)

DEMENTIA

SLEEP DISTURBANCES

ANXIETY

DEPRESSION

LOSS OF ENERGY

CONCENTRATED AT MUSCLE CELLS

LOCATED ON GANGLIONIC NEURONS IN BOTH THE PARASYMPATHETIC AND SYMPATHETIC BRANCHES OF THE ANS

LIGAND-GATED ION CHANNELS

CAUSES DEPOLARIZATION BLOCK, LEADING TO MUSCLE RELAXATION

ACTS AS A NICOTINIC RECEPTOR AGONIST LEADING TO OVERSTIMULATION AND DESENSITIZATION OF THE RECEPTORS

THE MEMBRANE POTENTIAL IS LOST AND THE MUSCLE CAN NO LONGER CONTRACT

USED DURING SURGERY WITH ANESTHESIA

D-TUBOCURARINE

ACTIVE INGREDIENT IN CURARE (USED IN SOUTH AMERICA AS A POISON)

ANTAGONIST OF NICOTINIC RECEPTORS, CAUSING RESPIRATORY PARALYSIS AND DEATH

METABOTROPIC G-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTORS

LOCATED IN THE BRAIN, HEART AND OTHER ORGANS

POSTGANGLIONIC ELEMENT OF THE PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

INHIBITS SWEATING, SALVATION, LACRIMATION (TEARS)

CAN LEAD TO DRY MOUTH

SARIN AND SOMAN

IS NOT EXCITATORY!

NOT DIRECTLY TAKEN UP INTO THE PRESYNAPTIC NEURON

INSTEAD CONVERTED BACK TO ITS PRECURSOR (GLUTAMINE), IN ASTROCYTES

THEN GLUTAMINE IS TRANSPORTED TO THE NEURON FOR CONVERSION BACK TO GLUTAMATE

AMPA

KAINATE

NMDA

(ALL CONDUCT SODIUM IONS)

CALCIUM IS AN IMPORTATN SECOND MESSENGER

INVOLVED IN ELEMENTS THAT LEAD TO GENE TRANSCRIPTION

INVOLVED IN LEARNING AND MEMORY VIA LONG-TERM POTENTIATION (LTP)

EXCESSIVE GLUTAMATERGIC ACTIVATION LEADS TO PROLONGED DEPOLARIZATION OF THE POSTSYNAPTIC NEURON

LEADS TO MEMBRANE CHANGES AND CELL DEATH

NECROTIC CELL DEATH

NECROSIS

NOT APOPTOSIS

INTERNEURONS

(LOCAL EFFECTS BECAUSE THEY SYNAPSE NEAR THEIR CELL BODY)

RESPONSBLE FOR CONTROLLING THE OVERALL EXCITATORY STATE OF THE SYSTEM

INITIAL DRUG USE

REPEATED DRUG USE

PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE

ATTEMPTS ABSTINENCE

WITHDRAWL

RELAPSE

INITIAL DRUG USE

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

REPEATED DRUG USE

ATTEMPTS AT ABSTINENCE

COMPULSIVE DESIRE TO RE-EXPERIMENT DRUG-INDUCED EUPHORIA

RELAPSE

INITAL DRUG USE

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

REPEATED DRUG USE

SENSITIZATION OF DRUG "WANTING" BUT NOT DRUG "LIKING"

ATTEMPTS AT ABSTINENCE

COMPULSIVE DESIRE FOR THE DRUG DUE TO A SENSITIZED INCENTIVE SENSITATION SYSTEM

RELAPSE

DETERMINED BY THE AMOUNT OF DRUG THAT IS AVAILABLE IN THE BLOOD FOR ACTION AT THE TARGET SITE

DRUG MAY NOT BE AVAILABLE IF IT IS STORED IN BONE OR FAT OR BOUND TO PROTEINS IN THE BLOOD

FIRST ORDER KINETICS

METABOLISM OF DRUG IS INDEPENDENT OF CONCENTRATION

RELATED TO 1/2 LIFE

BINDING IS TEMPORARY (LIGANDS INTERACT THEN DISSOCIATE, THEN CAN INTERACT AGAIN)

LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS

MUSCLES GO RIGID AND JERK

GRAND MAL