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Psychology: making connections; CH.1-3
N/A
51
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/21/2009

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Cards

Term
Psychology
Definition
scientific study of thought and behavior
Term
Clinical Psychology
Definition
  1. severe psychological disorders
  2. research causes of disorders & treatment
Term
Counseling psychology
Definition
  1. less severe psychological cases
  2. consultations of issues w/ clients
Term
experimental psychology
Definition
  1. research (laboratory)
  2. basic processes
Term
Developmental Psychology
Definition
study of physical, mental, emotional, & social development across entire life span.
Term
Cognitive psychology
Definition
Stufy of mental processes: memory problem solving, planning, consciousness, & language.
Term
Personality Psychology
Definition
study of individual differences in personality & their affects on behavior; development of personality tests.
Term
Quantitative psychology
Definition
Measurement issues & data analysis; development of math modes & behavior
Term
Industrial/organizational psychology
Definition
example behavior in work settings, study relating to factors of employee morals and performance
Term
Social psychology
Definition
study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, &behavior
Term
Sports psychology
Definition
factors in sports & exercise
Term
John Locke
Definition
  1. empiricism: view that knowledge and thoughts come from experience
  2. blank slate.
Term
Wundt
Definition
  1. 1st lab in Germany
  2. wanted study of consciousness
Term
Structuralism
Definition
Breaking down of the conscios experience into basic elements to see how they are related.(introspection-observation of one's own conscious experience)
Term
Functionalism
Definition
Psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness not its structure (differences in gender, development in children, etc)
Term
Freud
Definition
  1. psychoanalysis
  2. unconscious & early developments
  3. Psychodynamic theory: unconscious desires control behavior
Term
Watson
Definition

founded behavorism

nature vs nurture

Term
Skinner
Definition

co founded behavorism

organisms repeat behaviors w/ positive outcomes

Term
Humanistic psychology
Definition
personal growth as a way of reaching ones highest potential
Term
Evolutionary psychology
Definition
understand what adaptive problems the human mind may have solved in the distant past and the affect of evolution on behavior
Term
Nature through nurture
Definition

environment constantly interacts w/ bio to shape who we are &what we do

Term
Scientific Method
Definition
  • Observe
  • Predict
  • Test
  • Interpret
  • Communicate   & replicate
Term
Pseudoscience
Definition
practices that claim to be science but do not use scientific method to come to their conclusions
Term
Population
Definition
entire group a researcher is interested in
Term
Sample
Definition
subsets of population studies in research project
Term
descriptive designs
Definition
studies in which researcher makes no predictions and does not control or manipulate anything.
Term
Correlational design
Definition
studies that measure how related two or more variables are similar correlation does not mean causation.
Term
experimental designs
Definition
used to show causation
Term
independent variable
Definition
variable that is controlled/manipulated by the experimenter
Term
dependent variable
Definition
outcome or response that the experimenter measures
Term
Representative sample
Definition
research that accurately reflects population of people one is studying
Term
case study
Definition
psychologist observes 1 person over long period of time
Term
experimental group
Definition
participants who recieve treatment to change behavior
Term
control goup
Definition
participants who are treated in same way as experimental group, but dont recieve independent variable/treatment.
Term
Single-Blind
Definition
Participants dont know experimental condition to whish they have been assigned
Term
double blind
Definition
neither participants nor researchers know who has been assigned to which condition
Term
Placebo
Definition
treatment that seems the same but lacks active substance
Term
meta-analysis
Definition

combine research, draw conclusions

 

Term
Self Report measures
Definition
peoples written or oral accounts of their thoughts, feelings, or actions
Term
behavorial measures
Definition
based on systematic observation of peoples actions either in their normal environments or in a lab
Term
physiological measures
Definition
used to collect data on bodily responses such as blood pressure or heart rate used to determine changes in psychological state
Term
Statistics
Definition
mathematical procedures for collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and presenting numerical data
Term
mean
Definition
arithmetic average of a series of numbers
Term
median
Definition
score seperating lower half of scores from the upper half
Term
mode
Definition
most frequently occuring score
Term
standard deviation
Definition
statistical measure of how much scores in a sample vary around the mean
Term
research Ethics
Definition
standards of right and wrong
Term
deception
Definition
decieve the participants, but then debriefing them after completion
Term
IRB's
Definition
organizations that evaluate research proposals to make sure research involving humans does not cuase or undue human harm
Term
chromosomes
Definition
genetic material contained in the nucleus of a cell
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