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| A learned set of rules that always leads to the correct solution of a problem |
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| Any artificial system (often a computer program) that is capable of human like problem solving or intelligent responding |
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| The basic rate at which an event occurs over time; the basic probability of an event. |
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| An ability to speak two languages |
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| The process of thinking or mentally processing information (images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols) |
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| A generalized idea representing a category of related objects or events |
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| The process of classifying information into meaningful categories. |
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| A class of objects that have two or more features in common. (For example, to qualify as an example of the concept an object must be both red and triangular) |
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| The subjective, personal, or emotional meaning of a word or concept. |
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| Thinking that produces many ideas or alternatives; a major element in original or creative thought. |
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| A test (such as an intelligence test) designed to minimize the importance of skills knowledge that may be more common in some cultures than in others. |
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| Thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations; for example, using the laws of gravity to predict the behavior of a single falling object |
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| The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept; its objective meaning. |
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| An IQ obtained statistically from a person's relative standing in his or her age group; that is, how far above or below average the person's score was relative to other |
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| A concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features. (For example, to qualify an object must be either blue or circular) |
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| Thinking that produces many ideas or alternatives; a major element in original or creative thought. |
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| Thought that is passive effortless and automatic |
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| The tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives |
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| In tests of creativity, flexibility is indicated by the number of different types of solutions produced. |
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| In tests of creativity, fluency refers to the total number of solutions produced |
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| In thought, the terms in which a problem is stated or the way that it is sturctured |
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| A rigidity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects |
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| A detailed, practical, and workable solution. |
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| A general ability factor proposed to underlie intelligence; the core of general intellectual ability that involves reasoning, problem-solving ability, knowledge, and memory |
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| A solution that correctly states the requirements for success but not in enough detail for further action |
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| Either the possession of a high IQ or special talents or aptitudes |
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| A set of rules for combining language units into meaningful speech or writing. |
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| Any strategy of technique that aids problem solving, especially by limiting the number of possible solutions to be tried. |
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| Thought that is intuitive, haphazard, or irrational |
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| Most often, a mental representation that has picture-like qualities; an icon. |
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| Thinking in which a general rule or principle is gathered from a series of specific examples; for instance, inferring the laws of gravity by observing many falling objects |
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| Formal IQ below 70, impairment of adaptive behavior |
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| An overall capacity to think rational, act purposely, and adapt to one's surroundings |
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| IQ. Intelligence Quotient |
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Definition
| An index of intelligence as defined by a person's mental age divided by his or her chronological age and multiplied by 100. |
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| Quick impulsive thought that does not make use of formal logic for thinking and communication |
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| Words or symbols, and rules for combining them, that are used for thinking and communication |
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| The idea that words we use not only reflect our thoughts but can shape them as well. |
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| Drawing conclusions on the bases of formal principles of reasoning. |
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| A problem solution achieved by trial and error or by a fixed procedure based on learned rules. |
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| A predisposition to perceive or respond in a particular way. |
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| The average mental ability displayed by people of a given age. |
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| The smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words |
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| Howard Gardner's theory that there are several specialized types of intellectual ability. |
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| In tests of creativity, originality refers to how novel or unusual solutions are |
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| The basic speech sounds of a language |
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| An ideal model used as a prime example of a particular concept. |
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| Thought that is active, effortful, and controlled |
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| A concept defined by the relationship between features of an object or between an object and its surroundings (for example, "greater than", "lopsided" |
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| Representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
| A tendency to select wrong answers because they seem to match pre-existing mental categories |
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| The study of meanings in language |
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| Rules for ordering words when forming sentences |
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| Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms (past tense, passive voice, and so forth) |
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| Two-way bilingual education |
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Definition
| A program in which English-speaking children and children with limited English proficiency are taught half the day in English and half in a second language |
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Definition
| In problem solving, a deeper comprehension of the nature of the problem. |
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