Term
|
Definition
COMPLIANCE
is where we comply publically yet we disgree privateley.
IDENTIFICATION
Is when an individual changes behaviour from group to group to be accepted.
INTERNALISATION
Is when an individual actually belives in what they are conforming too. |
|
|
Term
EXPLANATIONS OF CONFORMITY |
|
Definition
NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Is when we conform to be liked.
INFOMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Is when we look at how others behave and copy their behaviour in situations which are new to us. |
|
|
Term
VARIABLES AFFECTING CONFORMITY |
|
Definition
ASCH
to investigate normative social influence.
line length. groups of 7-9 people. UNAMBIGUOUS. 18 trails altogether.
75% CONFORMED AT LEAST ONCE |
|
|
Term
VARIATIONS OF ASCH' STUDY |
|
Definition
GROUP SIZE
With only one real participant and one confederate conformity was only 3%. TwoC-13% ThreeC-33%.
As group size increases so does conformity.
UNANIMITY
if one confederate goes against one of the other two confederates conformity drops to 5.5%
If the majority of the group are not unaminous conformity drops considerably.
TASK DIFFICULTY
When asch made the difference between line lengths far more difficukt too see, conformity increased.
Conformity increases as task difficulty increases.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Conforming to socail roles. 75 males applied. 21 were slected.
Prisoners and guards became quickly settled into their roles.
Prisoners initaially rebelled but were overthrown.
guards became more sadistic.
many prisoners experienced sevre psychological distress.
The experiment had to be stopped after 6 days.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NOT ALL guards behaved brutally.
UNETHICAL.
DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS?
Unnecessary to to study the effects of prison in this artifical way.
NO CHANGE IN THE PRISON SYSTEM.
|
|
|
Term
EXPLANATIONS OF OBEDIENCE
|
|
Definition
MILGRAM
40 MALE VOLUENTEERS.
When they gave ethe incorrect answer p would have to shock them.
100% of participants went up to at least 300V.
65% carried on up to 450V at least up to 4 times.
Even when p's verbally protessted.
Participants displayed both verbal and psychical signs of distress throughout the experiment.
PEOPLE WILL OBEY AN AUTHORTY FIGURE. EVEN IF THEY DO NOT WANT TO DO SOIMETHING.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
IS OBEDIENCE SITUATIONAL OR DISPOSITIONAL? |
|
Definition
SITUATIONAL
This is the veiw that the situation or enviroment causes high levels od obedience.
DISPOSITIONAL
This is the veiw that someones personality causes high levels of obedience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AGENCY THEORY
Milgrams Agency theory states that people operate on two levels.
AUTONOMOUS INDIVIDUALS
AGENTIC LEVEL
EVALUATION OF AGENCY THEORY
MILGRAM-shows that they saw the experimenter as being in control and responsible.
BLOSS AND SCHMITT-people see the authority figure of agent as responsible.
NOT ALL MILGRAMS PARTICIPANTS OBEYED. THEREFORE PERSONALITY DOES PLAY A ROLE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Legitimate Authority
Another explantion as to why people obey is when they are required to carry out an individual precived as having the authority to give order.
LISTENING TO SOMEONE WITH MORE AUTHORITY.
EVALUATION
The explantion is overly simplistic.(reductionist)
BICKMAN-Various outfits,-He found that if we see someone as having legitimate authority we obey.
TANOW-areoplane disasters, no one questioned the piolots descion-shows our willingness to obey the individual who is precived to have the most authority.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PROXIMITY
Obedience increases when the learner is further awayband decreases when the learner is moved closer.PHSYICAL DISTANCEIS IMPORTANT IN OBDEDIENCE.
LOCATION
If the enviroment is precived as having legitimate obedience is high. If it is not the obedience will be lower.
UNIFORM
Uniform makes people believe that someone has power and has the right to deliver orders.The lab coat worn in milgrams eperiment may have given the experiment legitimate authority. |
|
|
Term
EVALUATION OF SITUATIONAL FACTORS. |
|
Definition
Milgram measures p's authoritarianism on a questionare.He found that those who scored highly on the questionare, were more obedient.
Altemeyer.Found a strong positive correlation between right wing authoritarian personalities and the level of shock given in an experiment on learning.- they would give higher shocks to a participant.
ITS NOT NECERSAIRLY A PERSONALITY TRAIT WHIXH IS FIXED. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
This theory suggests that individuals are born with personality traits that make them more willing to obey.
These people belive that rules apply to everyone and that obedience and respect for authroity are the most important virtues a child can learn.
Altmeyer found a strong positive correlation between having right wing authoritarian personalities and the level of shock given. |
|
|
Term
LOCUS OF CONTROL
PEOPLE WHO HAVE AN INTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL ARE LESS LIKELY TO CONFORM AND ARE LESS LIKELY TO BE OBEDIENT. THOSE WHO HAVE AN EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL ARE MORE LIKELY TO CONFOM AND OBEY. |
|
Definition
Locus of control refers where an individual percives the contorl to be.
If a person feels that they are in control of their own circumstances we say that the individual has an internal locus of contorl.
People with an internal locus of control have a certian confidence and security a positive outlook and no real need for external approval.
An external locus of control means that they may attribute events that occur to external forces beyond their control,such as luck,fate. These individuals are less confident , more nervous and more insecure.
|
|
|
Term
EVALUATION OF LOCUS OF CONTROL |
|
Definition
SPECTOR-condjucted research in 157 undergraduate students and found that those with an exteranl locus of control were far more likely to conform to NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE.
This shows how people with internal locus of control can resist conformity.
AVTGIS-found a positive corelation between having and external locus of control and being easily persuaded.
This suggests that people with an internal locus of control are more able to resisit persuasion.
STEWART-found a very weak correlation between obedience and locus of control. When llooking at how much diebatic paitents obey their doctors orders. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Research suggests that when we see others in a situation resist conformity or disobey it becomes much easier for us to do the same.
This is because these 'dissteners' provide moral support, they represent a form of social support. Someone else who is in the same boat who will share the disapproval of the group or authroity figure. |
|
|
Term
EVALUATION OF SOCIAL SUPPORT |
|
Definition
ALLEN AND LEVIENE-conducted an experiment on a task involving visual judgements. even if they wore thick glasses and admitted to having sight problems conformity reduced.
This shows that dissenters help to reduce conformity even if their veiw cant be trusted.
MILGRAM- when 2 p's refused to give the shcosk the obedience rate dropped to 10%.
ASCH- if he added another confederate conformity rate dropped to under 10%. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
CONSITENCY
FLEXIBILITY
COMMITMENT
XIE ET AL-Even when only 10% of those taking part has committed point of veiw
|
|
|
