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Psychology
Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior
30
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/17/2006

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Term
The Soma
Definition
the cell body
Term
Dendrites
Definition
specialized to recieve information
Term
The Axon
Definition
a long, thin fiber that transmits signals away from to soma to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Term
Terminal Buttons
Definition
small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
activates motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles
Contributes to the regulation of attention, arousal, and memory
Some are stimulated by nicotine
Term
Dopamine
Definition
control of voluntary movement, pleasurable emotions
decreased levels associated with parkinsons disease
overactivity associated with Schizophrina
Cocaine and amphetamines elevate activity at DA synapses
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
Contributes to modulation of mood and arousal
Cocaine and amphetameines elvevate activity at NE synapses
Term
Serotonin
Definition
involved in regulation of sleep and wakefulness, eating, aggression
abnormal levels may contribute to depression and obsessive-complusive disorder
Term
Endorphins
Definition
Remember opiate drugs in structure and effects
contribute to pain relief and perhaps to some pleasurable emotions
Term
The Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
made up of all those nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord
Term
Somatic Nervous System
Definition
made up of nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muslces and to sensory receptors
Term
Afferent Nerve Fibers
Definition
Carry information inward to the central nervous system
Term
Efferent Nerve Fibers
Definition
carry information outwards from the central nervous system.
Term
The Autonomic Nervous System
Definition
made up of nerves that connect to the heart, blood vessels, smooth muslces and glands
Term
Parasympathetic
Definition
conserves
Term
Sympathetic
Definition
mobilizes, or uses
Term
CT Scan
Definition
rotating x-rays
Term
PET Scan
Definition
uses radioactive markers
Term
MRI
Definition
magnetic resonance imaging
Term
ESB
Definition
electric simulation of the brain
Term
Medulla
Definition
unconsious functions, a part of the hindbrain
Term
Pons
Definition
connects the brainstem and the cerebellum. Also contains several clusters of cell bodies involved with sleep and arousal. in the hindbrain
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
"little brain" cordination of movement and is critical to the sense of equilibrium or balance (the hindbrain)
Term
Reticular Formation
Definition
group of fibers that carry stimulation related to sleep and arousal thorugh brainstem (apart of the midbrain)
Term
Amygdala
Definition
fear, agression and emotion
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
motivation and arousal
Term
Hippocampus
Definition
memory
Term
Thalamus
Definition
relay station for the brain
Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
connects the two hemispheres
Term
Medulla
Definition
Responsible for regulating largely unconscious functions such as breathing and circulation
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