Term
|
Definition
| the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mental image or best example of a category. matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. contrasts with the usually speedier but also more error-prone use of heuristics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sudden and often noel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the inability to see a problem from a new perspective by employing a different mental state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving |
|
|
Term
| representativeness heuristic |
|
Definition
| judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most frequently occuring scores in a distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the arithmetic average of a distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difference between high and low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a symmetrical bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data. 68% of scores fall within one standard deviation from it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance |
|
|
Term
| Gardner's 8 Intelligences |
|
Definition
1. Linguistic
2. Logical-Mathematical
3. Musical
4. Spatial
5. Bodily-Kinesthetic
6. Intrapersonal
7. Interpersonal
8. Naturalist |
|
|
Term
| Sternberg's three intelligences |
|
Definition
1. analytical
2. creative
3. practical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rules and elements of a language |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how sentences are comprehended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| basic unit in any language is called a morpheme , some are words some are prefixes and suffixes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the structure of a sentene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the structure of a sentence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| understanding the meaning of a sentence, but also its implications and true meaning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| we start with deep structure then feed that into gramatical rules- what emerges is the surface structure |
|
|
Term
| 4 months language development |
|
Definition
| babbles many speech sounds |
|
|
Term
| 10 months language development |
|
Definition
| babbling resembles household language |
|
|
Term
| 12 month language development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 24 month language development |
|
Definition
| two-word, telegraphic speech |
|
|
Term
| 24+ month language development |
|
Definition
| language develops rapidly into complete sentences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when young children leave out simple articles |
|
|
Term
| imitation language theory |
|
Definition
| when children try to imitate what adults say ; language is one of the areas that young children simply cannot imitate |
|
|
Term
| reinforcement language theory |
|
Definition
| children cannot figure out from reinforcement what is proper language and proper meaning |
|
|
Term
| chomsky language acquisition devie |
|
Definition
| young children are born with a strong genetic predisposition to learn any language they hear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. assimilation
2. accommodation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 0-2 years; child has primitive senses, no object permanence, failed A not B task |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2-7; object permanence developed, concentration of attention, conservation task, lack of identity permanence, animism, egocentrism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 7-11, indicated by ability to solve concrete observational tasks, empirical inductive (captivated by obvious solutions) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 11-older; start thinking abstractly, hypothetical deductive reasoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period in adolescence when you feel like you are on stage all the time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| part of adolescence, your sense of who you are |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you go through identity crisis and form an identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you skip the identity crisis but achieve identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you go through identity crisis but dont achieve an identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you dont go through identity crisis or form an identity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generational factors that define our generation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when you drop some IQ points before you die |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| approaching a new problem, fast decision making |
|
|
Term
| crystallized intelligence |
|
Definition
| wisdom, relating previous experience to new experience, vocab, knowledge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| summarize and characterize a large set of data- graphs, tasks, median, mode, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used to derive conclusions and make generalizations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
used to display structure of data
central tendency
mean, mode, median |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the spread of scores
range
standard deviation |
|
|
Term
| 3 properties to look for in any psychological test |
|
Definition
1. standardization
2. reliability
3. validity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| our ability to learn about, reason, and solve critical problems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed by french- measures mental age compared to chronological age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| translated test into stanford-binet test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| intelligence quotient- mental age/ chron age x 100 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lead to discovery that mental age stops |
|
|
Term
| wechsler adult intelligence scale |
|
Definition
| most commonly used IQ test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intelligence lumper- 'g' general intelligence factor
's' specific abilities |
|
|
Term
| Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence |
|
Definition
1. practical
2. analytic
3. creative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the proportion % of observed variation of a trait due to genetics
'h' |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person's total score |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a study where people of different ages are compared with one another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a study where the same people are restudied and retested over a long period of time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, and parenthood, etc. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. authoritarian
2. permissive
3. authoritative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fear of strangers that infants have, beginning about 8 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotional tie with another person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| optimal period when an organisms exposure to something greatly affects its development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adapting our current understandings to incorporate new information |
|
|
Term
| Kholberg's three stages of morality |
|
Definition
preconventional- self interest focused
conventional- caring for others, upholding laws because they are laws
postconventional- abstract reasoning, judgement of right and wrong |
|
|
