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Psychology Test 2, Module 9
Psychology Test 2, Module 9
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/28/2009

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Term
maturation
Definition
biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience
Term
schema
Definition
a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Term
assimilation
Definition
interpreting one's new experience in terms of ones existing schemas
Term
accommodation
Definition
adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information
Term
cognition
Definition
all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Term
sensorimotor stage
Definition
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
Term
object permanence
Definition
the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
Term
pre-operational stage
Definition
in Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to 6 or 7 years) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic
Term
conservation
Definition
the principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects
Term
egocentrism
Definition
in Piaget's theory, the pre-operational child's difficulty taking another's point of view
Term
theory of mind
Definition
people's ideas about their own and others' mental states-about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict
Term
autism
Definition
a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind
Term
concrete operational stage
Definition
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Term
formal operational stage
Definition
in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
Term
stranger anxiety
Definition
the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age
Term
attachment
Definition
an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
Term
critical period
Definition
an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development
Term
imprinting
Definition
the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life
Term
basic trust
Definition
according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers
Term
self-concept
Definition
a sense of one's identity and personal worth
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