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| Study the links between our biology and behavior |
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| Recieves messages from other cells |
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| Passes messages to other neurons, muscles, or glands |
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| form junctions with other cells |
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| Covers the axon and helps speed neural impulses |
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| neural impulse (action potential) |
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| electrical signal traveling down the axon |
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| provide nutrients, insulate myelin sheath, guide neural connections,clean up after neurons send messages to one another |
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| the meeting point between neurons |
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| the sending neuron reabsorbs the excess neurotransmitters from the synapse |
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| "morphine-within" natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure |
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| the body's speedy, electrochemical communication network, consisting of all the nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems |
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| the brain and spinal cord |
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| peripheral nervous system |
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| the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body |
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| bundled axons that form neural cables connecting the central nervous system with muscles, glands, and sense organs |
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| sensory (afferent) neurons |
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| neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
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| neurons that carry outgoing info from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands |
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| neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs |
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| the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles |
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| the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. contains sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions |
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| sympathetic nervous system |
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| the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing it's energy in stressful situations |
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| parasympathetic nervous system |
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| the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy |
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| a simple automatic response to a sensory stimulus |
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| the body's "slow" chemical communications systems a set of glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream |
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| chemical messengers that are manufactured by the endocrine glands travel through the blood stream and affect other tissues |
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| a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that helps arouse the body in times of stress |
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| the endocrine systems most influential gland. under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands |
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| tissue destruction. a brain lesion is a naturally or experimentally caused destruction of brain tissue |
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| the oldest part and central core of the brain beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull the brain stem is responsible for automatic survival functions |
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| the base of the brain steam controls heartbeat and breathing |
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| the brains sensory router, located on top of the brainstem it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerabellum and medulla |
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| a nerve network that travels through the brainstem and plays an important role in controlling arousel |
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| an amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity sweeoing across the brains surface these waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp |
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| PET scan positron emission tomography |
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| a visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task |
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| MRI magnetic resonance imaging |
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| a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue shows brain anatomy |
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| a technique for revealing bloodflow and brain activity by comparing successive MRIscans show brain function |
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| the little brain located at the rear of the brainstem functions include processing sensory input, coordinating movement output and balance and enabling nonverbal learning and memory |
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| neural system including hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus. located below the cerebral hemisphere associated with emotions and drives |
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| two lima bean shaped neural clusters in the limbic system linked to emotion |
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| a neural structure lying below the thalamus it directs several maintenence activities helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland and is linked to emotion and reward |
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