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Psychology of children and youth
Chapter 1
26
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
01/25/2011

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Term
Human Development
Definition
Scientific study of processes of change and stability throughout the human life span
Term
Life-span development
Definition
Concept of human development as a lifelong process, which can be studied scientifically
Term
Physical development
Definition
Growth of body and brain, including patterns of change in sensory capacities, motor skills, and health
Term
Cognitive development
Definition
Pattern of change in mental abilities, such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity
Term
Psychosocial development
Definition
Pattern of change in emotions, personality, and social relationships
Term
Social construction
Definition
A concept or practice that may appear natural and obvious to those who accept it, but that in reality is an invention of a particular culture or society
Term
Individual differences
Definition
Differences in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes
Term
Heredity
Definition
Inborn traits or characteristics inherited from the biological parents
Term
Environment
Definition
Totality of nonhereditary, or experiential influences on development
Term
Maturation
Definition
Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes
Term
Nuclear Family
Definition
Two-generational kinship, economic, and household unit consisting of one or two parents and their biological children, adopted children, or stepchildren
Term
Extended family
Definition
Multigenerational kinship network of parents, children, and other relatives, sometimes living together in an extended-family household
Term
Socioeconomic status
Definition
Combination of economic and social factors describing an individual or family, including income, education, and occupation
Term
Risk factors
Definition
Conditions that increase the likelihood of a negative developmental outcome
Term
Culture
Definition
A society's or group's total way of life, including customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language, and physical products- all learned behavior, passed on from parents to children
Term
Ethnic group
Definition
A group united by ancestry, race, religion, language, and/or national origins, which contribute to a sense of shared identity
Term
Ethnic gloss
Definition
Overgeneralization about an ethnic or cultural group that obscures differences within the group
Term
Normative
Definition
Characteristic of an event that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group
Term
Cohort
Definition
A group of people born at about the same time
Term
Historical generation
Definition
A group of people strongly influenced by a major historical event during their formative period
Term
Nonnormative
Definition
Characteristic of an unusual event that happens to a particular person or a typical event that happens at an unusual time of life
Term
Imprinting
Definition
Instinctive form of learning in which, during a critical period in early development, a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees, usually the mother
Term
Critical period
Definition
Specific time when a given event or its absence has a specific impact on development
Term
Plasticity
Definition
Range of modifiability of performance
Term
Sensitive periods
Definition
Times in development when a person is particularly open to certain kinds of experience
Term
Balte's life-span developmental approach
Definition
Development is lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, involves changing resource allocations, shows plasticity, influenced by the historical and cultural context, relative influence of biology, and culture shift over the life span
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