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| The science of Behavior and mental processes |
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| An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind |
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| The school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavior processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish |
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| Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people & the individual potential for personal growth |
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| The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science; (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes; most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2) |
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| The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition |
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| The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction & Survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations |
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| The long standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes & experience make to the development of psychological traits & behaviors |
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| The differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social-cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon |
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| An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis |
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| Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
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| Scientific study aims to solve practical problems |
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| A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living & in achieving greater well being |
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| A branch of psychology that studies, assesses & treats people w/ psychological disorders |
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| The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (also known as the I-Knew-It-All-Aong) |
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| Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments & conclusions; rather it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence & accesses conclusions |
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| An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organize observations & predicts behaviors or events |
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| A testable prediction, often implied by a theory |
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| A statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables; es: human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures |
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| Repeating the essence of a research study, usually w/ different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances |
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| A self correcting process for asking questions and observing nature's answers |
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| An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles |
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| A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group,usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group |
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| All the cases in a group being studied from which samples may be drawn |
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| A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion |
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| Observing & recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate & control the situation |
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| A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other |
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| A statistical index of the relationship between two things (from -1 to +1) |
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| A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of the two variables; the slope suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables |
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| Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing pre-existing differences between those assigned to the different group |
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| An experiment procedure in which both the research participants & the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo |
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| The Group that is exposed to the treatment, that is the one version of the independent variable |
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| Experimental results caused by expectations alone |
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| The group that is not exposed to the treatment |
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| The most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution |
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| The arithmetic avg of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores & then dividing by the number of scores |
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| The middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it & half are below it |
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| The difference between the highest & lowest scores in a distribution |
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| A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score |
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| A symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data |
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| A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance |
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| The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes & traditions shared by a group of people & transmitted from one generation to the next. |
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