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Details Title: Psychology Mid-Term for webby Description: Stuff from the study guide Total Flash Cards: 70 Created: 01/22/2005 18:36:31	To study from this set of flash cards, or to create your own your own study flash cards, register HERE. If you are already a registered user, CLICK HERE.
Cards Term Psychology Definition The scientific Study of mental processes and behavior Term 4 APA Guidelines Definition Subjects gave the right to decline participation at any time, Openness and honesty are essential to experimentation, information obtained about a sjubject is confidential, subjects must be informed of risks Term Survey Definition asking questions of a carefully selected group of people. Term Naturalistic observation Definition researchers secretly observe subjects of the study Term Interviews Definition asking the person one on one questions to get more detailed answers Term Case Study Definition developing information about person's long-term background, often for purposes of psycholigcal treatment. Term Psychological tests Definition an IQ test Term Longitudinal Definition following one group of people through the years from time to time Term Cross-sectional Definition studying different age groups Term frontal lobe Definition includes prefrontal area, coming up with strategies, frontal association area (heavily packed with nerve cells because its task is very complex: to interpret what is going on and tellus what to do and what to feel, contains motor strip Term occipital lobe Definition makes sense of what we see Term parietal lobe Definition the division of te cerebral cotex that contains the sensory strip Term temporal lobe Definition major centers for hearing Term left hemisphere Definition speech language logic writing Term right hemisphere Definition spatial reasoning, art, music, emotions Term corpus callosum Definition holds hemispheres together Term lower brain Definition part of the brain common to animals and humans that regulates basic functions such as breathing Term thalamus Definition part of the lower brain that functions primarily as a central relay station for incoming and outgoing messages from the body to the brain and the brain to the body Term hypothalmus Definition part of the lower brain that regulates basic needs and emotiosn such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality Term amygdala Definition controls emotion Term hippocampus Definition involved in froming memories Term cerebellum Definition coordinates and organizes bodily movements for balance and accuracy Term RAS Definition regulates the activity level of the body Term sensation Definition the process of receiving information from the evironment Term perception Definition the process of assembling and organizing sensory information to make it meaningful Term cornea Definition clear outer covering of the eye Term iris Definition colored circular muscle that opens and closes Term pupil Definition opening in the eye Term retina Definition the back of th eye Term blind spot Definition area in retina where there are no receptors Term rod Definition sensitive to violet-purple wavelenghts Term cone Definition sensitive to color Term afterimage Definition image that remains after stimulation of the retina has ended Term depth perception Definition the ability to see the relation of objects in space Term texture gradient Definition how rough or smooth objects appear; used in depth perception Term retinal disparity Definition the difference between the images provided by the two retinas Term illusion Definition inaccurate perception Term reversible figure Definition illusion in which the same object is seen as two alternating figures Term homeostasis Definition bodily process of maintaining a balnaced internal state Term motivation Definition forces that push the organism into action to reach a goal Term causes of hunger Definition stomach contractions, low blood-sugar, taste receptors, hypothalmus, shrunken cells Term hierarchy of needs Definition physiological, safety, belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization Term physiological needs Definition hunger, thirst Term safety needs Definition things needed to feel safe, such as a house, or guard dog Term belongingness needs Definition needs to habe contact and love Term self-esteem needs Definition liking and respecting yourself Term self-actualization needs Definition establishing meaningful goals and a purpose in life Term REM Sleep Definition rapid eye moevement, incrases in length, vivid dreams, nightmares, paralyzed body, essential Term NREM sleep Definition decreases in length, vague dreams, night terrors, sleepwalking and talking, less essential Term consciousness Definition awareness of, or possibility of knowing what is happening inside or outside itself Term dream theories Definition process information, work out unsolved problems, make sense of random stimulation to the brain Term what do we dream about? Definition EVERYTHING Term nightmares Definition occur during REM, associated with vivid images, occur during REM rebound usually Term night terros Definition occur during NREM, brastic bodily changes, associated with panic Term rem rebound Definition increase in the number of dreams after being deprived of REM sleep Term insomnia Definition the inability to get enough sleep Term narcolepsy Definition disorder in which a person falls instantly into sleep no matter what is going oni in the environment Term sleep apnea Definition condition in which a person's breathing often stops while the person is asleep Term John B. Watson Definition taught rats how to do tricks with emotional conditioning, later used tactics on children Term Positive reinforcement Definition "Angela picks up her jacket because she was praised the last time she did it" Term Negative reinforcement Definition "Angela picks up her jacket to stop her father's nagging" Term Primary reinforcement Definition something necessary for psycholigcal or physical survival that is used as a reward Term Secondary reinforcement Definition anything that comes to represent a primary reinforcer, such as money Term generalization Definition a behavior that spreads from one situation to a similar one Term discrimination Definition learning to tell the difference etween one even or object and another; the reverse of generalization Term shaping Definition the process of gradually refining a response by successively reinforcing closer approximations of it Term variable ratio schedule Definition schedule in which reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed a specific but variable number of times Term fixed ratio schedule Definition schedule in which reinforcement occurs after a desired act is performed a fixed number of times Term variable interval schedule Definition act is performed following a variable amount of time Term fixed interval schedule Definition act is performed following a fixed amount of time