The process by which a previously neutral stimulus acquires the capacity to elicit a response through association with a stimulus that already elicits a similar or related response.

Man with food's footsteps would be the neutral stimulus to a dog's drooling if they were repeated every day right before the dog was fed.

(p 237) 

Unconditioned Stimulus

Event or thing that elicits a responce automatically or reflexively. 

(dog food) 

Conditioned Stimulus 

A previously neutral event or thing that elicts a responce due to association with an Unconditioned Stimulus.

(bowl that holds dog food) 

(p 237) 

Unconditioned Response

 (salivation from seeing dog food)

Conditioned Response

Response that is learned or taught through the association of a Unconditioned Stimulus with a Conditioned Stimulus.

(salivation from seeing bowl that holds dog food)

(p 237)

Extinction is the weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned respoinse.

Spontaneous Recovery is the reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction.

(p 238) 

What is the difference between Stimulus Generalization and Stimulus Discrimination? 

Stimulus Generalization takes place when a conditioned response is triggered by something SIMILAR to a conditioned stimulus.

Stimulus Discrimination is the extinction of a conditioned response that is triggered by something SIMILAR to a conditioned stimulus.

(p 239) 

He was one of the first psychologists to recognize the real-life implications of Pavlovian theory. He believed that the whole rich array of human emotion and behavior could be accounted for by conditioning principles.

(p 241) 

Little Albert was a baby who was conditioned to be afraid of rats.

(p 243) 

The process by which a response becomes more or less likely to occur, depending on its consequences.

 (p 247)

Extinction

Stimulus Generalization and Discrimination

Learning on Schedule

(p 252)
 

Ratio Schedules delivere a reinforcer after a certain number of responses have occured.

Interval schedules deliver a reinforcer if a response is made after the passage of a certain amount of time since the last reinforce 

(p ???) 

Fixed Ratio

Variable Ratio

Fixed Interval

 Variable Interval

(p ???) 

When reinforcement is Extrinsic (object of reward had no similarity to the task at hand) it is often found to fail in the long run.

 When the reinforcement is Intrinsic (object has direct similarity to the task at hand) it is often found to succeed in the long run.

(p 261) 

First of all: one is a theory, the other is a method of reinforcement...

Second: In Social Cognitive, subjects would observe behavior and its consequences, where as in Operant and Classical Conditioning subjects would be taught behaviors with primary and secondary reinforcers and punishers.

(p 266) 

Albert Bandura was a psychologist who showed the value of social-cognitive learning when he placed children in a room with toys similar to those that they had just seen on an aggressive film-clip. He showed that the behavior that the children observed often spread to the children's personal behavior.

(p 268) 

What is Latent Learning? 

Latent learning is observed learning that is not immediately necessary, but can be later applied if necessary.

 Ex: Everyday, you sit shotgun as your friend drives you to school. You have never looked up the directions to get to school. One day your friend gets sick, and you have to drive yourself that day. Being able to follow the route and then getting to school would be demonstrating Latent Learning.

 (p 256)