Why are people fascinated by abnormality as it relates to psychological disorders. 

   1) It may be partly because we see something of ourselves in the abnormal (ex we all get depressed, anxious, withdrawn, antisocial)

   2) It may be because many of us have felt bewildered and have felt the pain of a psychological disorder personally or through family and friends

What is a norm violation

A difference in the degree to which behavior or thinking resembles an agreed upon criteria (varies with culture and times; also often based on statistics)

o   Feeling sad, Hallucinating

defining abnormality by behavior

Considered atypical-Is what they are doing atypical?

Considered disturbing to others- it is disturbing to others? 

Unjustifiable- not a normal reaction (ex-laughing at funerals)

Maladaptive-harmful (ex-anorexic) 

Thus abnormality as it relates to psychological disorders involves what?

Behavior

What is Psychopathology?

study of mental disorders

What type of psychology is Psychopathology?

Clinical Psychology

view of “madness” in primitive cultures

demonic possession (evil spirits)

view of “madness” in Greeks (400B.C)

Disease (natural cause-imbalance in body fluids)

views of “madness” in the middle ages (5th - 16th century)

spiritual context(witches & devils)

o   Disturbed people in asylums (which were like prisons)

In 1793, there was a turning point to the way people viewed "madness". what was it?

Philippe Pinel—Reformed French hospital system

stated that madness was a sickness in response to severe stress and inhumane conditions

What are the Models of Mental Disorders

·      1) Medical Model

·      2) Psychological Models

What is a Medical Model 

o   Mental disorders are diseases that have objective physical causes and require specific treatment.

What is a Psychological Model 

  Mental disorders are attributed to the interaction of 3 factors:

Mental Disorders are attributed to interaction of what 3 factors?

1) Biological- anatomy and chemistry of the brain and other physiological processes

2) Psychological- unconscious conflicts ,maladaptive ways of viewing the world, and learning

  3) Sociocultural- abnormality viewed differently around the world

How did we traditionally classify Mental Disorders? (back in the day)

 1) Neurosis- symptoms related to ineffective attempts to deal with reality (try to reduce anxiety-such as with an obsessive individual)

  2) Psychosis- general category for a number of severe mental disorders in which perception, thinking, and emotion are impaired

How do we classify Mental Disorders now?

·      DSM 4R-1994

DSM 4R- 1994

o   Classifies but does not attribute cause

o   Helps in describing, treating, and researching the causes of the disorder.

o   Assumes Medical Model

o   230 Psychological disorders and conditions are put into 17 categories, not including neuroses

What percentage of Americans ages 18+ suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year?

26.2%

Which two Psychological Disorders are most prevalent?

Phobia and Alcohol Dependence 

Are men more likely to be an alcoholic, have a phobia, or have antisocial disorder?  Are women more likely to be an alcoholic, have a phobia, or have antisocial disorder?

More men are alcoholics

More men have antisocial disorder.  

More women have a phobia or a mood disorder(depression). 

What are some characteristics of a Personality Disorder?

   Longstanding, inflexible, maladaptive patterns of perceiving, thinking, or behaving

What are two subtypes of Personality Disorder?

A. Narcissistic Personality Disorder

B. Antisocial Personality Disorder (formerly called sociopath or psychopath)

What is a narcissistic personality disorder and why does it happen?

Need for constant attention, respond inappropriately to criticism, grandiose sense of self-importance

Why?----Person does not grow out of view that he/she is the center of the world

What is antisocial personality disorder? 

(formerly called sociopath or psychopath)

  Typically male

Violates the rights of others—violent, criminal, unethical, exploitative

What causes antisocial personality disorder?

    emotional deprivation in early childhood

    learned from parents

    arrested moral development

brain abnormalities

heredity

What are some symptoms of anxiety Disorder?

·   

   Primary Symptoms—anxiety (inappropriate to circumstances) or defenses that ward off anxiety

Subtypes of Anxiety Disorder

1. Phobias

2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

3. Obsessive-Compulsive 

4. Panic Disorder

5. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)