Term
Concepts:
Definitions
Prototypes |
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Definition
The mental grouping of similar objects, ideas, or people.
Example:
Plants → flowers → tulips = Hierarchically |
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Term
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Definition
| A process that involves knowing, understanding, remembering and communicating |
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Term
Solve problem:
-Algorithm
-Heuristic
-Insight |
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Definition
A logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem.
A simple, thinking strategy used to make quick judgments.
A sudden realization of a solution to a problem.
: A simple, thinking strategy used to make quick judgments.
Define insight: A sudden realization of a solution to a problem. |
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Term
| Obstacles to solving problem: |
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Definition
1. Confirmation bias: A tendency to search for information that confirms a personal bias.
People born in July are nice. Name all the times you have been nice, person born in July?
2. Mental Set: A tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often based on past success.
Jars usually open by turning them left. You wrongly turn a right turning jar, left.
3. Functional fixedness: Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions.
I have flowers but no vase. It takes me a little bit to realize I can use a glass as a vase. |
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Term
Decisions and Judgments
-Representative heuristic
-Availability heuristic |
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Definition
: Judging the likelihood of something based on how well it matches a particular prototype.
Estimating the likelihood of something based on its availability in memory. |
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