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Psychology Exam 1
study guide
12
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
09/25/2008

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Cards

Term
Define Psychology and why it is a science
Definition
Psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes. It is a science because it follows the scientific method and is not grounded in folk wisdom or is not speculation
Term
Name and Describe the different fields psychologists are employed.
Definition
1) Experimental Psychologist- researchers
2) Applied Psychologists- counselors
3) Teachers
Term
Name and Describe the different perspectives of Psychology
Definition
1) Biological- complex systems that respond to nature vs. nurture
2) Developmental- people undergo predictable patterns of change throughout life
3)Cognitive- we are info processing systems
4) Clinical- we are driven by unconscious desires
5)Behavioral- we respond to environment due to behavioral learning
6) Trait- individual differences result from differences in our underlying patterns of stable characteristics
7) Sociocultural- human behavior is interpreted in a social context
Term
Empirical
Definition
sensory experience and observation as research data
Term
Name the five steps of the scientific method
Definition
1)Developing a hypothesis
2)Performing a controlled test
3)Gathering objective data
4)Analyzing the results
5)Publishing, criticizing, and replicating the results
Term
Name the most common types of research design
Definition
experiments, correlation studies, and case studies.
Term
Define Bias and common sources of bias.
Definition
personal, observer, expectancy
Term
Ethical concerns in psychology
Definition
Deception, debriefing, animal research
Term
What is plasticity
Definition
ability of the nervous system to adapt or change as the result of experience
Term
Describe the phases of prenatal development
Definition
zygote--> embryo--> fetus
Term
Describe techniques of research employed to study genetic and environmental effects on development
Definition
twin studies, especially identical twins. And adoption studies- compare child's characteristics to adopted and biological family.
Term
Identify the special capabilities of the newborn and explain why these skills and potentials are important.
Definition
sensory abilities, postural reflex and grasping reflex.
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