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Psychology 201
Chapter 4 The Developing Person Study Helps
82
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/17/2008

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Term
Define Zygote and Fetus
Definition

Zygote: fertilized eggs

fetus: organism after 9 weeks after conception

Term
The formation of a placenta signals the onset of what development?
Definition
Term
Define the embroyonic period of prenatal development
Definition
Term
Define teratogen
Definition
Teratogen: Harmful agents that slip by the placental screen
Term
What is the impact of a mother's smoking on the newborn baby?
Definition
Term
Name on e of the most consistently damagin teratogens
Definition
Alcohol
Term
What are the symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome
Definition

brain abnormalities,

behavior problems

small, misproportioned head

Term
What does the rooting reflex refer to?
Definition
tendency, when touched of the cheek to open the mouth and search for the nipple
Term
Newborns hav e been observed to show the greatest visual interest in what?
Definition
face
Term
When placed close to a gauze breast pad fromt heir nursing mothers, week-old babies are likely to do what?
Definition
try to get milk
Term
define habituation
Definition
decrease in responding with responding with repeated stimulation
Term
maturation refers to what?
Definition
the biological growth processese that enable orderly changes in behavior
Term
the relative lack of neural interconnections in the brain at the time fo birth most dierectly contributes to what?
Definition
lack of memories before 3 yrs old
Term
How are infant motor developments typically characterized?
Definition
Term
Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of what kind of develpment?
Definition
Term
Describe the mind of a child according to Piaget
Definition
Term
Define Schemas
Definition
concept or framework that organizes and interprets information
Term
What is a rigid schema?
Definition
Term
Define Assimilation
Definition
interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas
Term
Define accommodation
Definition
adapting current understandings tio incorporate new experiences
Term
Give the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development
Definition
Term
Define sensorimotor stage
Definition
stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of the their sensory impressions and motor activites
Term
Babies accustomed to a puppet jumping three times on stage show surprise if the puppet jumps only twice. what does this suggest according to piaget?
Definition
Term
Define preoperational
Definition
knows language, but not logic
Term
If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to do what?
Definition
Term
define conservation
Definition
quantity remains the same despite changes in shape
Term
Who emphasized the egocentrism of preschoolers?
Definition
piaget
Term
Define egocentrism
Definition
inability to take another point of view
Term
Give the best illustration possible of children having developed a theory of mind
Definition
Term
Define autism
Definition
deficient social aid communications
Term
Know the concrete operational stage
Definition
gain mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
Term
when do people begin to think abstractly
Definition
formal operational stage
Term
Define attachment
Definition
emotional tie with another person
Term
Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with what?
Definition
Term
Define secure attachment
Definition
Term
Define critical period
Definition
optimal period shortly after birth when exposure to certain stimuli produces proper development
Term
Discuss insecure attachment
Definition
Term
In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, how will ifants with a asecure maternal attachment act?
Definition
Term
Define responsive parenting
Definition
Term
Marlys is a sensitive, responsive parent who is consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her infant doughter. Explain this according to Erikson.
Definition
Term
Describe the research of Harry Harlow
Definition
Term
Know what occurs re: the deprivation of attachment
Definition
Term
Define authoritarian, authoritative, permissibe styles of parenting and give examples
Definition
Term
Define authoritarian, authoritative, permissibe styles of parenting and give examples
Definition
Term
Describe adolescence
Definition
life between childhood and adulthood-transition of independance and puberty
Term
what are primary sex characteristics
Definition
structures that make sexual reproduction possible
Term
Describe early puberty of overweight girls
Definition
Term
Describe the late bloomers, and boys who mature sexually at an early age
Definition
Term
Give an example of a secondary sex characteristic
Definition
facial hair
Term
Define menarche
Definition
first menstrual period
Term
Define and discuss moral development
Definition
Term
children leaving the house
Definition
happiness?
Term
Define formal operational
Definition
Term
Define preconventional morality
Definition
obey to avoid punishment or get concrete awards
Term
Devine conventional morality
Definition
cares for others and obeys because they are expected to
Term
What does postconventional morality involve?
Definition
Term
Give an example of Kohlberg's postconventional stag eof morality
Definition
depating over rights and politics
Term
Kohlberg emphasized that human behavior becomes less selfish as we mature due to what
Definition
thinking maturing
Term
According to Erikson, achieving a sense of identity is the the special task of whom?
Definition
Term
Study in detail all of Erikson's theory and stages -BRUTAL DETAIL
Definition
Term
Erikson suggested that the adolescent search for identity is followed by a developing capacity for what?
Definition
Term
Compared with males, females are more likely to base their sense of personal identity on their what?
Definition
Term
As to intimacy, compare women to men
Definition
Term
When do physical abilities such as muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness and cardiac output reach their peak?
Definition
Term
Define menopause
Definition
Term
What do men experience as they advance through middle adulthood
Definition
Term
Discuss the physical changes in later life
Definition
Term
What has the research on the elderly shown?
Definition
Term
Define a cross sectional study
Definition
people of different ages all compared with one another
Term
Define crystallized intelligence
Definition
accumulated knowledge and verbal skills, increase with age
Term
Define fluid intelligence
Definition
reason fluidly and abstractly
Term
Define and give an example of abstract reasoning
Definition
Term
Define the social clock
Definition
cultural preferred timing of social events such as marriage
Term
Discuss adulthood's commitments
Definition
Term
Know the research of premarital cohabitation
Definition
Term
What happens when people whose first marriage ends in divorce
Definition
Term
What do mothers most frequently report when children grow up and leave home
Definition
Term
Discuss the grieving period following the death of one's spouse
Definition
Term
Define identity, integrity re: Erikson
Definition
Term
A belief that adult personality is completely determined in early childhood years would be most relevant to the issue of what
Definition
Term
Concerning anxious children , discuss stability or change
Definition
Term
Discuss the stability of personality traits re: adults and children
Definition
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