Term
| A child touches a white rat. Each time she touches it, the experimenter makes a loud noise. Now the child is scared of white rats. What is the stimulent (US)? The Classical Stimulant (CS)? |
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Definition
US: Rat
CS: Loud noise
UR/CR: Fear |
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Term
| What is the main difference between Operant conditioning and Classical conditioning? |
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Definition
OPERANT is voluntary because response to stimulus results in reinforcement.
CLASSICAL is learned behavior/unvoluntary |
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Term
| Which two must be put together for classical conditioning to occur? |
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Definition
| neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus |
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Term
| last week, caleb ate a hot dog. After he ate the hot dog, he became sick. What is this classifed as? |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is an event that decreases the probability that the response to an event will occur. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important element in the process of operant conditioning? |
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Definition
| Consequences/reinforcement |
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Term
| In Pavlov's experiment, the bell was what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The period in conditioning where a response is reinforced is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is spontaneous recovery? |
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Definition
| the re-emergance of a previously extinguished response |
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Term
| Elizabeth learned through classical conditioning to fear bees. Now she fears houseflies. What is this an example of? |
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Definition
| a stimulus generalization |
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Term
| John's emotional reaction to falling off a slide has resulted in an irrational fear of heights. What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Assume that a rat hasn't learned to press the bar. He's also not interested in the bar. Each time he turns toward the bar, he is reinforced with a pellet. He begins to push the bar and reinforce himself with food. What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the process of reinforcing "successive approximations"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the main difference between an interval and a ratio? |
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Definition
RATIO is a set number of correct responses to get reinforcement.
INTERVAL is a number of correct responses after a given time has passed to get reinforcement. |
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Term
| Mickey Rat has just been reinforced for a bar press after being trained on a 60 second scale. He waits for 50 seconds and presses the bar with no reinforcement. 60 seconds later he presses it again and is reinforced. 12 seconds later, he presses again and is given nothing. Another 60 Seconds and he is reinforced. What is this known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are antecedents? Consequences? |
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Definition
ANTECEDENTS: events that precede a response
CONSEQUENCES: Events that follow a response |
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Term
| Ashleigh has learned that when she hears a truck pull into the driveway, it means daddy is home. Ashley runs to the door where she gets a hug from her father. What is the ANTECEDENT? The CONSEQUENCE? |
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Definition
ANTECEDENT: Ashley runs to the door
CONSEQUENCE: Ashley gets a hug from her father |
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Term
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Definition
| any event that will increase the probablity of a response will occur again |
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Term
| In classical conditioning, a stimulus is associated with _____________ and in operant conditioning, a stimilus is associated with _________. |
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Definition
CLASSICAL: Antecedent
OPERANT: Consequence |
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Term
| For days, an experimenter rings a bell and immediately provides lemons to Johnny, who salivates. After a few days, the experimenter only rings the bell without the lemon. Johnny loses his tendacy to salivate. What is this known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Johnny finally stops responding to bell on one day. The next day, Johnny may respond, at first. What is this known as? |
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Definition
| spontaneous recovery (the return of a learned response after extinction) |
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Term
| Johnny hears the bell and salivates for lemon. He hears the doorbell or the telephone and also salivates. What is this known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child learns to distinguish their parents "you're in trouble" voice from their "great job!" voice. What is this known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Johnny hears the bell and the doorbell ring and instantly salivates for lemons. After a while, he stops salivating from the doorbell because no lemons follow. What is this known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Jill has a phobia of heights. An experimenter exposes her to a virtual reality exposure through computer to prove heights are safe. What is this process known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a conditioned emotional response? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is vicarious classical conditioning? |
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Definition
| classical conditioning brought on by you observing another person react to a stimulus |
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Term
| You go to a horror movie with friends, where you watch an actor scream at a deadly spider. You go home and see a spider by your door, and you are scared. What kind of conditioning is this? |
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Definition
| vicarious classical conditioning |
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Term
| The concept of reinforcement applies to what? |
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Definition
| classical and operant conditioning |
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Term
| After having acquired a conditioned response, how can it be weakened? |
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Definition
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Term
| Josh sees his sister getting chased by a dog. Now josh is scared of that dog. What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| You begin preparing Thanksgiving dinner the night before. What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| parents who ground their teenagers are applying what? |
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Definition
| response cost (taking away positive reinforcement) |
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Term
| What are primary reinforcers? |
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Definition
| Non-learned reinforcers (food, water, sex) |
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Term
| What is a secondary reinforcer? |
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Definition
| a learned reinforcer; usually in association with a primary reinforcer |
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Term
| If you train a dog to heel, you praise him everytime he does what he's told. Soon, he continues to heel and you simply praise him. Praise is what kind of reinforcer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is social reinforcement? |
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Definition
| reinforcement based on receiving attention, approval, or affection |
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Term
| A teacher constantly paces. The students decide to pay rapture attention when he's on the right side of the room and no attention when he's on the left. The teacher soon begins lecturing from the rite side. What is this process? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two reinforcers tend to come hand in hand with each other? |
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Definition
| secondary reinforcer--token reinforcer |
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Term
| What is knowledge of results known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| A punishment lowers the probability that the response will occur again. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| learning that occurs with reinforcement until it is provided |
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Term
| Two groups of rats are released into a maze. The first group finds food at the end of the maze and learns to finish the maze quickly. The second group receives no food and has no motivation to complete the maze. The second group is an example of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| An internal representation of relationships is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between observational learning and vicarious classical conditioning? |
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Definition
VICARIOUS: classical conditioning brought on by observing someone react to a stimulus
OBSERVATIONAL: learning achieved by watching and imitation of actions of another/noting the consequences of actions |
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Term
| According to the informational view, what does classical conditioning create? |
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Definition
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Term
| The "law of effect" defines the role of what in learning? |
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Definition
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Term
| A hungry rat is put into a cage like chambber. Walls are bare except for a level and a food dispenser. What is this an example of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are operant reinforcers? |
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Definition
| any event that reliably increases the probability that a response follows |
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Term
| Does negative reinforcement increase or decrease responding? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is response cost a form of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a type of primary reinforcer? |
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Definition
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Term
| Very high response rates are characteristics of? |
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Definition
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Term
| money, affection and power are examples of what kind of reinforcers? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is social psycholofy? |
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Definition
| the scientific study of how individuals behave, think and feel in situations |
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Term
| What is the difference between social comparision and interpersonal attraction? |
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Definition
S.C. is comparing urselves against others
I.A. is social attraction to another |
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Term
| High levels of self-disclosure are often recropcated in most social relationships, TRUE OR FALSE? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is social influence? |
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Definition
| the effect ones behavior has on another |
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Term
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Definition
| standing up and speaking out honestly on ur own behalf |
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Term
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Definition
| bending to the requests of a person who has little or no authority |
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Term
| In Milgrams experiment, what did he say affected the obediance of the teacher? |
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Definition
| distance between teacher and experimenter, obediance of the others, and distance between the student and teacher |
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Term
| the research of thomas Moriarty and others highlighted the problem of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference between assertive and nonassertive behavior? |
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Definition
ASSERTIVE is self-enhancing; u act in ur own best interest
NONASSERTIVE is self-deny and often feels hurt and anxious |
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Term
| what is the diffusion of responsibility? |
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Definition
| spreading responsibility among a group of people |
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Term
| what is empathic arousal? |
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Definition
| when u feel some of the others persons pain and fear |
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Term
| higher testosterone is associated with what? |
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Definition
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