Term
The phenomenon in which individuals lose their identity and relinquish normal restraints when they are part of a group is called__________
a)deindividuation
b)individualism
c)empathy
d)social facilitation |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following teens is most likely to delay the initiation of sex?
a)Jason, who is not religiously active
b)It is impossible to predict.
c)Jack, who has below-average intelligence
d)Ron, who regularly volunteers his time in community service |
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Definition
| Ron, who regularly volunteers his time in community service |
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Term
The belief that those who suffer deserve their fate is expressed in the __________.
a)other-race effect
b) just-world phenomenon
c)frustration-aggression principle
d)phenomenon of ingroup bias |
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Definition
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Term
Because Brent believes that his employees are intrinsically motivated, Brent would be described as a(n) __________ manager.
a)social-oriented
b)task-oriented
c)charistmatic
d)directive |
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Definition
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Term
Motivation is best understood as a state that __________.
a)aims at satisfying a biological need
b)reduces a drive
c)energizes and directs behavior
d)energizes an organism to act |
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Definition
| energizes and directs behavior |
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Term
Research indicates that in an emergency situation, the presence of others often __________.
a)leads to all of these behaviors
b)prevents people from even noticing the situation
c)prevents people from interpreting an unusual event as an emergency
d)prevents people from assuming responsibility for assisting |
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Definition
| leads to all of these behaviors |
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Term
In his study of obedience, Stanley Milgram found that the majority of subjects __________.
a)complied with the experiment until the learner began to scream in agony
b)complied with the experiment until the learner first indicated pain
c)refused to shock the learner even once
d)complied with all the demands of the experiment |
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Definition
| complied with all the demands of the experiment |
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Term
When asked what makes life meaningful, most people first mention __________.
a)serving others
b)good health
c)satisfying relationships
d)challenging work |
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Definition
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Term
A white blood cell that is formed in the thymus and that attacks cancer cell is __________.
a)a B lymphocyte
b)any of these cells
c) a T lymphocyte
d)a macrophage |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?
a)feeling hungry at the sight of an appetizing food
b)drinking because others around you are drinking
c)all of these are examples of homeostasis
d)perspiring in order to restore the level of blood glucose to normal |
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Definition
| perspiring in order to restore the level of blood glucose to normal |
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Term
Which of the following is true of the relationship between attitudes and behavior?
a)Attitudes and actions rarely correspond
b)Attitudes predict behavior under certain conditions.
c)Attitudes are excellent predictors of behavior.
d)Attitudes predict behavior about half the time. |
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Definition
| Attitudes predict behavior under certain conditions. |
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Term
As elderly Mr. Hooper crosses the busy intersection, he stumbles and drops the packages he is carrying. Based on the feel-good, do-good phenomenon which passeby is most likely to help Mr. Hooper?
a)Drew, who has been laid off from work for three months
b)Nancy, whose father recently passed away
c)Bonnie, who earned her doctoral degree the day before
d)Leon, who is on his way to work a a job he dislikes |
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Definition
| Bonnie, who earned her doctoral degree the day before |
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Term
Then tendency to overeat when food is plentiful __________.
a)is stronger in women than in men
b)emerged in our prehistoric ancestors as an adaptive response to alternating periods of feast and famine
c)is a recent phenomenon that is associated with the luxury of having ample food
d)is greater in developed, than in developing, societies |
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Definition
| emerged in our prehistoric ancestors as an adaptive response to alternating periods of feast and famine |
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Term
After falling from a ladder, Joseph is afraid of airplanes, although he has never flown. This demonstrates that some fears arise from __________.
a)stimulus discrimination
b)stimulus generalization
c)observational learning
d)reinforcement |
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Definition
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Term
Students at State University are convinced that their school is better than any other; this most directly illustrates __________.
a)the just-world phenomenon
b)the ingroup bias
c)the scapegoat effect
d)prejudice and discrimination |
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Definition
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Term
Disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound. This provides evidence for the __________ model of psychological disorders.
a)psychoanalytic
b)medical
c)biopsychosocial
d)social-cultural |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following individuals would be characterized as experiencing flow?
a)Arnie, who views his present job as merely a stepping stone in his career
b)Sheila, who, despite viewing her work as merely a job, performs her work conscientiously
c)Montel, who often becomes so immersed in his writing that he loses all sense of self and time
d)Larry, who sees his work as an artist as a calling and wants to receive praise for his good work |
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Definition
| Montel, who often becomes so immersed in his writing that he loses all sense of self and time |
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Term
After an initial rapid weight loss, a person on a diet loses weight much more slowly. This slow-down occurs because __________.
a)people always cheat on their diets
b)all of the initial weight loss is simply water
c)insulin levels tend to increase with reduced food intake
d)when a person diets, metabolism decreases |
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Definition
| when a person diets, metabolism decreases |
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Term
According to cognitive dissonance theory, dissonance is most likely to occur when __________.
a)a person's behavior is not based on strongly held attitudes
b)two people have conflicting attitudes and find themselves in disagreement
c)an individual is coerced into doing something that he or she does not want to do
d)an individual does something that is personally disagreeable |
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Definition
| an individual does something that is personally disagreeable |
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Term
Which of the following factors is the MOST powerful predictor of friendship?
a)similarity in physical attractiveness
b)similarity in age
c)physical proximity
d)common racial and religious background |
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Definition
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Term
Cognitive-behavior therapy aims to_____
a)make people more aware of their irrational negative thinking.
b)alter the way people feel
c)countercondition anxiety provoking stimuli.
d)alter the way people think and act |
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Definition
| alter the way people think and act |
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Term
A major criticism of the Trait Theory of Personality is that it___________
a)places too much emphasis on positive traits.
b)underestimates the importance of heredity in personal developement
c) overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations
d)places too great an emphasis on early childhood experiances. |
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Definition
| overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations |
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Term
Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing a stressor or how we interact with it is an example of___
a)problem-focused coping.
b)catharsis
c)emotion-focused coping
d)managing rather than coping with stress |
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Definition
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Term
Professor Minton believs that people are basically good and are endowed with self-actualizing tendencies. Evidently, Professor Minton is a proponent of_____
a)psychoanalytic theory
b)behaviorisim
c)psychodynamic theory
d)the humanistic perspective |
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Definition
| the humanistic perspective |
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Term
The component of Type A behavior that is most predictive of coronary disease is____________
a) high motivation
b) time urgency
c) competitiveness
d) anger |
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Definition
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Term
According to the following, which is generally accepted as a possible cause of schizophrenia?
a)extensive learned helplessness
b)a genetic predisposition
c)being a twin
d)an excess of endorphines in the brain |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following is the order of the psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?
a) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
b)anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic
c)oral, anal, genital, latency, phallic
d)anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital |
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Definition
| oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
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Term
Socail support___________our ability to cope with stressful events
a)usually increases
b)usually decreases
c)has no effect on
d)has an unpredictable effect on |
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Definition
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Term
The test defines personality as_______
a) an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
b)the unpredictable set of responed to environmental stimuli
c)the set of personal attitudes that characterizes a person
d)a predictable set of responses to environmental stimuli. |
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Definition
| an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
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Term
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n)________
a)empirically derived and objective personality test
b)personality test developed mainly to assess job applicants
c)projective personality test
d)personality test used to primarily asses locus of control |
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Definition
| empirically derived and objective personality test |
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Term
The big 5 personality factors are___
a)neuroticism(emotional stability), extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness
b)neuroticism(emotional stability), openness, introversion, sociability, locus of control
b)neuroticism(emotional stability), gregariousness, extraversion, impulsiveness, conscientiousness
d)neuroticism(emotional stability), extraversion, openness, emotional stability, sensitivity. |
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Definition
| (A) neuroticism(emotional stability), extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness (remember CANOE) |
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Term
The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered________
a) varies by culture and with time
b) have remained largely unchanged over the course of history
c) varies from culture to culture only
d) vaires from time to time only |
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Definition
| varies by culture and with time |
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Term
Most hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of__________
a)vision
b)smell
c)touch
d)hearing |
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Definition
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Term
According to Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote growth in personality. These are___________
a) High Self-esteem, genuineness, and acceptance
b) Honesty, sincerity, and empathy
c)genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
d)High self-esteem, honesty, and empathy |
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Definition
| genuineness, acceptance, and empathy |
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Term
The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that___________
a)the concious experience of an emotion occures at the same time as the body's physical reaction
b)emotional have two ingredients: physical arousal and a cognitive label
c) emotional ups and downs tend to balance in the long run
d)emotional experiences are based on an awareness of the body's responses to an emotion arousing stimulus |
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Definition
| the concious experience of an emotion occures at the same time as the body's physical reaction |
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Term
Which of the following is true regarding gestures and facial expressions?
a) Gestures are universal; facial expressions are culture-specific
b) Both Gestures and Facial expressions are culture-specific
c) Facial expressions are universal; gestures are culture specific
d) Both Gestures and facial expressions are universal |
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Definition
| Facial expressions are universal; gestures are culture specific |
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Term
Joe has an intense, irrational fear of snakes. He is suffering from a(n)_____
a) phobia
b)panic disorder
c)generalized anxiety disorder
d) obsessive compulsive disorder |
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Definition
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Term
In general, women are more vulnerable than men to____________
a) external disorders such as antisocial conduct
b)external disorders such as anxiety
c)internal disorders such as alcohol dependency
d)internal disorders such as depression |
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Definition
| internal disorders such as depression |
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Term
Concerning emotions and their accompanying body responses, which of the following appears to be true?
a)Many emotions involve similar body responses but have different underlying brain circuits
b)each emotion has it's own body response and underlying brain ciruit.
c) All emotions have the same underlying brain circuits, but different body responses.
d)all emotions involve the same body response as a result of the same underlying brain circuit |
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Definition
| Many emotions involve similar body responses but have different underlying brain circuits |
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Term
When Professor Simon acquired a spacious new office, he was overjoyed. Six months later, however, he was taking the office for granted. His behavior illustrates the___________
a)adaption-level phenomenon
b)relative deprivation principle
c)two-factor theory
d)optimum arousal theory |
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Definition
| adaption-level phenomenon |
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