Term
|
Definition
| description, explanation, prediction, and control |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| observing a behavior and noting everthing about it: what is happening, where it happens, to whom it happens, and under what circumstances it seems to happen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| why something is happening (helps build a theory) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when will it happen again (based on previous research into similar situations) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how can it be changed, (the modification of a behavior) |
|
|
Term
| psychodynamic perspective |
|
Definition
| modern version of psychoanalysis that is more focused on the development of a sense of self and the discovery of other motivations behind a person's behavior than sexual motivations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behavioral responses that are followed by pleasurable consequesnces are strengthened, or reinforced (ie. child cries, mother pays attention) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| often called the "third force", |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| modern perspective that focuses on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning |
|
|
Term
| sociocultural perspective |
|
Definition
| perspective that focuses on the relationship between social hehavior and culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| perspective that focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share. |
|
|
Term
| biopsychological perspective |
|
Definition
| perspective that attributes humnan and animal behavior oto biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, and the activity of the nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a medical doctor who has specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| either a psychiatrist or a psychologist who has special training in the theories of Sigmund Freud and his method of psychoanalysis. |
|
|
Term
| psychiatric social worker |
|
Definition
| a social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the enviromental conditions that can have an impact on mental disorders, such as poverty, overcrowding, stress, and drug abuse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| early perspective in psychology focusing on perception and sensation, particularly the perception of patterns and whole figures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tentative explanation of a phenomenon based in observations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced by perceiving the question; forming a hypothesis: testing the hypothesis; drawing conclusions; report your results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results wil be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a naturalistic observation in which the observer becomes a participant in the group being observed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency of observers to see what they expect to see |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of one individual in great detail. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ask question about topic researchers are studying via telephone, internet, or a questionnaire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of the relationship between two variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a number derived from the formula for measuring a correclation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be directly measured. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experimenter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subjects in an experiment who are subjected to the independent variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subjects in an experiment who are not subjected to the independent variable and who may receive a placebo treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly, so that each subject has an equal chance of being in either group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency of the experimenter's expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study in which neither the experimenter nor the subjects know if the subjects are in the experimental or control group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| making reasoned judgments about claims |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| systems of explaining human behavior that are not based on or consistent with scientific evidence. |
|
|
