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Definition
| the interaction between the unfolding of biologically predetermined patterns of behavior and a constantly changing dynamic environment; studies the patterns of growth and change that occur throughout life |
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| Cross-sectional Research Method |
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Definition
| A research method that compares people of different ages at the same point in time. Differences among groups of people. |
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| Longitudinal Research Method |
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| A research method that investigates behavior as participants age. Change in behavior as the participants age. |
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| Sequential Research Method |
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Definition
| Combines cross-sectional and longtitudinal research by considering a number of different age groups and examining them at several points in time. |
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| Rod-shaped structures that contain all basic hereditary information. |
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| The parts of the chromosomes through which genetic information is transmitted |
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| humans recieve 23 pairs of chromosomes, half from the mother and half from the father |
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| Gestational Period for humans lasts... |
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Definition
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| The new cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm |
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| A developed zygote that has a heart, a brain, and other organs |
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| A developing individual, from 8 weeks after conception until birth |
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Definition
| The point at which a fetus can survive if born prematurely |
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Definition
Time when organisms are exceptionally suceptible to certain kinds of stimuli
Example: Fetuses are especially affected by their mothers' use of drugs during sensitive periods before birth. |
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Definition
| cannot produce an enzyme that is required for normal development |
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Definition
| children with the disease may have episodes of pain, yellowish eyes, stunted growth, and vision problems, and heart problems can lead to premature death in middle age. |
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Definition
| disease in which the body is unable to break down fat |
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Definition
| occurs when the zygote receives an extra chromosome at the moment of conception |
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Definition
| What a mother eats during her pregnancy can have important implications for the health of her baby - undernourished mothers - underweight babies |
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Definition
| Several diseases that have a relatively minor effect on the health of a mother can have devastating consequences for a developing fetus if they are contracted during the early part of pregnancy. Ex. Syphillis, diabetes, AIDS. |
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Term
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Definition
- We can study preference in infants
- We can study whether infants can learn in prenatal
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Term
| Neonates are born with several reflexes |
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Definition
Reflexes are unlearned, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli
- Rooting: causes neonates to turn their heads toward things that touch their cheek
- Sucking: Prompts infants to suck at things that touch their lips
- Gag: reflex to clear the throat
- Startle (Moro): A series of movements in which an infant flings at the arms, fans the fingers, and arches the back in response to a sudden noise.
- Babinski: A baby's toes fan out when the outer edge of the sole of the foot is stroked.
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Term
1. Visual Preference
2. Physiological Response
3. Habituation |
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Definition
1. gaze time
2. heart rate
3. decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated. |
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Definition
| the positive emotional bond between a child and parents |
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Term
| Harlow's study on attachment |
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Definition
| Wire Monkey Vs. Cloth Monkey |
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Definition
| Children who are securely attached employ the mother as a kind of home base, exploring independently but returning ocassionaly. When she leaves, they exhibit distress, and they go to her when she returns. |
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Definition
| Do not cry when the mother leaves, and they seem to avoid her when she returns, as if they were indifferent to her |
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Definition
| Display anxiety before they are separated and are upset when the mother leaves and when she returns, they seek close contact but simultaneously hit and kick her. |
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Definition
| These children show inconsistent, often contradictory behavior. |
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Definition
| A biological predisposition of reactivity; highly heritable and stable |
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Definition
| generally happy, responds well to change and novelty |
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Definition
| Generally mild reactions, hesitant about new experiences |
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Definition
| Irritable, Intese emotional responses. |
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Term
| Authoritarian Parenting Style |
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Definition
| Parents who are rigid and punitive and value unquestioning obedience from their children |
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| Permissive Parenting Style |
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Definition
| Parents who give their children relaxed or inconsistent direction and, although they warm, require little of them. |
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| Authoratative Parently Style |
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Definition
| Parents who are firm, set clear limits, reason with their children, and explain things to them. |
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Definition
| Parents who show little interest in their children and are emotionally detached |
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Term
| Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development |
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Definition
| emphasized influence of society |
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Term
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Definition
Birth to 1 1/2 years
Develop feelings of trust or lack of trust depending on if their physical and psychological needs are met. |
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| Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
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Definition
Ages 1 1/2 to 3
Develop independence if freedom and exploration is encouraged
If restricted and overprotected, experience shame and self-doubt |
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Term
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Definition
Ages 3-6
Conflict between desire to act independently and guilt from consequences of acts
If parents act positvely in child's independence, crisis will resolve positvely |
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Term
| Industry vs. Inferiority stage |
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Definition
6-12 Ages
Increased competancy in all areas lead to successful resolution |
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Term
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Definition
| developmental stage between childhood and adulthood |
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Term
| Adolescent Brain/Cognitive Development |
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Definition
| Adolescents tend to make risky situations because their frontal lobe is underdeveloped which controls decision-making |
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Term
| Koholberg's Moral Reasoning Level 1 |
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Definition
Preconventional Level
Morality judged in terms of reward and punishment |
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Term
| Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Level 2 |
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Definition
Conventional Level
People approach moral problems as members of society. They are interested in pleasing others by acting as good members of society. |
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Term
| Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Level 3 |
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Definition
Postconventional Level
People use moral principles which are seen as broader than those of any particular society. |
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Term
| Identity-versus-role-confusion stage |
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Definition
adolescene; attempting to determine what is unique about themselves
Successful - attempting to find their identity
Unsuccessful - unable to maintain close relationships, social deviant |
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Term
| Intimacy-versus-isolation stage |
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Definition
early adulthood
develop close relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| Research shows that adolescene is not a period of unhappiness |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd leading cause of death for adolescents, every 90 seconds |
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Term
| What types of mental processes are studied in cognitive psychology? |
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Definition
| Thinking, language, memory, problem solving, knowing, reasoning, judging, and decision making. |
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Definition
| the manipulation of mental representations of informaton. |
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Term
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Definition
| representations in the mind that resemble the object or event being represented |
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Term
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Definition
| general factor of mental ability. The single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence. Recent theories view intelligence as multi-dimensonal |
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Term
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Definition
Intelligence that reflexes information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory
Example: Completing math problems |
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Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
The accumulation of information, skills, and stategies that are learned through experience and can be applied in problem-solving situations.
Older adults excel |
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Term
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Definition
| According to stenberg, intelligence related to overall success in living |
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Definition
| Set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Interact with others, within |
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