Father of Psychology 

1st lab in Germany

investigate reactions to stimuli

structuralism

used introspection

Brought Wundts ideas to US

used introspection

introspection is not scientific

Functionalism

how to adapt to ever changing enviroment

influenced by darwin

natural selection

is the "why" of the mind

functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.

led german movement against structuralism

psych could only be studied in units of "gesalts"

Little Albert

Adopted Pavlov's conditioning concept

Austrian Physiccian

unnacceptable desires

John Watson--> BF Skinner

Theory of Operant conditioning-responses followed by pleasurable experiences are more likely to happen in the future

modify behavior by reinforcement procedures

1950s

self actualization- a state of self fulfillment in which we realize our full potential

Rogers-Maslow

Behavior is direct result of what happens in the body

Uses sophisticated tool and technology to conduct research

study how we think, remember, store and use info in our enviroment using mental processes

1. language 2. mental imaging 3. concept formation 4. problem solving 5. reasoning 6. intelligence

1960s

social interactions/cultural determinants of behavior and mental processes

ex ethnicity, religion, occupation, socioeconomic status

focus on natural selection, adaptation and evolution of behavior

behavior is caused by reproductive successfulness

darwin shat

1. Make an observation/question

2. Form a hypthosis

3. Test the hypothosis

4. Draw conclusions

5. Report Results 

analysis of relationships between variables

how does one variable predict another

Manipulate and control variables;

can identify cause and effect

unobtrusive observation

one way mirrors

no conjecture about motives or goal

high external validity

in depth study of a single patient or example

rare shat

problem: only creates one view

polling to measure a wide variety

sampling

problems of self-report

cannot explain cause of behaviors

major advantage:predictive value

Positive- straight line up both variables increase.

Negative- straight line down, one increases and one decreases

No correation is a straight line across

brain&spinal cord

99% of all nerve cells are located in the CNS

PNS 2 of 2- Autonomatic nervous system

and its 2 parts

takes messages to/from internal organs

breathing, heart rate, digestion

2 parts: 

Sympathetic nervous system- arouses body to mobilize. Stress.

Parasympathetic nervous system- calms the body

Neurons

what three things do they do

one of two types of cells in the nervous system; are the nerve cells that handle the information-processing function.

·      Detect information

·      Transmit information

·      Affect muscles and glands

Supporting Cells

they do 4 things

keep neurons running smoothly

·      Provide Nutrients

·      Buffer/protect neurons and their signals

·      Balance Chemicals

·      treelike fibers projecting from a neuron, receive information and orient it toward the neuron's cell body.

, consisting of a layer of cells containing fat, encases and insulates most axons. By insulating axons, myelin sheaths speed up transmission of nerve impulse 

Nerves=bunches of axons

-the end of an axon

-a chemical substance stored in synaptic vescles (sacs) within the terminal button

1. threshold reached

2. sodium rushes IN

3. potassium rushes OUT

4. re-calibrate and balance afterwards

Neurotransmitter release

enzymatic degradation 

reuptake

- enzymes breakdown neurtransmitters

-recycle of neuro transmitters by pumping them back into the terminal button

forebrain

thinking, learning, consciousness 

Frontal

Parietal

Occipital

Temporal

Cerebral Cortex Hemispheres

what do they do

L: analyze, logic, language, math, science

R:thought, intuition, creativity, art, music

§  processes biological stimuli

§  Turns short term memory into long term

relay station

activates pain

Feeding, Fighting, Fleeing, Fucking

sleep cycles

most studied

movement, posture, walking, balance

fine motor skills

·      a series of x-rays overlayed to make a stronger image

o   Low resolution, cheap, B&W

o   Only give the neuroanatomy- not what part is active

·      magnetic field that reads radio frequency waves

o   High resolution, $$

o   Observes brain activity

·      - drink radioactive glucose solution

o   Only brain activity

o   2-D images

o   Ppl don’t like that idea of drinking radioactive lemonade

tells about brain activity associated with an mental experience

exploits changes in blood oxygen that occur in association with brain activity