Term
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Definition
| -personal construct psychology |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Scientist vs person - kelly |
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Definition
Scientist
1. Develops theory
2. generates hypotheses
3. conducts experiments
4. revises/replaces theories
Person
1. Develops personal construct system
2. develops expecations about world
3. has experiences, test one's expectations
4. revises/replaces personal construct system |
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Term
| Constructive Alternativism -Kelly |
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Definition
-assumption that all current assumptions are subject to revision/replacemnt
-basic tenet of science
-healthy person like scientist
-- open to new ideas, willing to change with new evidence, interested in making new discoveries/testing ideas |
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Term
| Personal Construct System |
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Definition
system of concepts person uses to organize world
-construct:abstraction or idea
--must be bipolar: two ends
--describe >3 objects
--2 that are similar, define one pole
--1 different, define opposite pole |
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Term
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Definition
-Core/peripheal
-Superordinate/Subordinate
-Permeable/Impermeable
-Preemptive/Constellatory/propositional
-Verbal, Preverbal, Submerged |
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Term
| Core/Peripheral constructs |
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Definition
-core: basic to one's functioning, hard to modify (good/evil)
-peripheral: can be altered without serious modification |
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Term
| Superordinate/Subordinate construct |
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Definition
-superordinate: subsumes another construct
-subordinate: subsumed by other construct |
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Term
| Permeable/Impermeable constructs |
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Definition
-permeable: allows new elements to be added
-impermeable: does not allow new elements to be added |
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Term
| Preemptive/Constellatory/Propositional constructs |
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Definition
-Preemptive:elements cannot be in other constructs
-Constellatory: elements can be construed by other constructs, only in fixed way
-Propositional: elements can be reconstrued in everyway |
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Term
| Verbal, Preverbal, Submerged constructs |
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Definition
-Verbal: aware and able to express both poles
-Preverbal: construct is used, but not able to describe poles
-Submerged: only one pole is used |
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Term
Kelly Dynamics:
Fundamental Postulate
Construction Corollary |
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Definition
-Fundamental Postulate: processes are psychologically channeled by way they anticipate events. People act to confirm their beliefs.
-Construction corollary: anticipate event by construing its replication. expect future to be like past |
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Term
Kelly's Development:
Experience Corollary |
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Definition
| person construction system varies and he successfuly construes replication of events. modified with experience, can identify with others systmes. |
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Term
| Kelly Psychological Disorder |
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Definition
| personal construction system which is continually used in spite of constant invalidation. one is blind to evidence that is inconsistent with their view. |
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Term
| Kelly emotional Disorders |
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Definition
-Anxiety: events lie outside of convenience of ones system
-Stress: Awareness of potential threat to system
-Guilt: dislodgement from important constructs
-Hostility: forcing others to behave the way you expect them to |
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Term
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Definition
-Repression: suspension of construing, when threatened
-Projection: naming others motives using your own constructs, despite evidence contrary
-Reaction formation: put the opposite pole of construct in effect |
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Term
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Definition
-OCD: construct system that is impermeable, narrow range of convenience
-Panic: sudden reconstruction is suggested, no way to avoid/escape
-Psychopath: interactions are manipulative, not relational
-Neurotic: high anxiety from trying to reframe system
-Psychotic: settling with delusional system |
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Term
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Definition
-Reconstruction
-modify constructions that develop inaccurate expections
-Techniques
--Interpretation; new constructs/ways of classifying experience
--role playing
--Fixed role; client plays role throughout week |
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Term
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Definition
-Controlled elaboration: explore sections of system, make more consisten, shows system is inflexible
-C-P-C cycle
-- Circumspeciton; constructions, consider choices
--Pre-emption: select one construct
--Control: apply construct |
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Term
| Role construct Reperatory Test (RCPT) |
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Definition
-used to identify personal constructs
-name 12-15 ppl down left side
-pick 3 ppl, put 2 ways alike, 1 different
-pick another group, new construct
-continue til new constructs overlap with old ones |
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Term
| cognitive complexity (RCRT) |
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Definition
-stable in adults over time
-increases from 8 to 16 years
-related to accuracy of predictions about others behaviors
-schizos have complex, yet unstable (consturcts change) |
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Term
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Definition
Social Learning theory
-modeling
-vicarious learning
-observation learning
--learn from watching others perform, experience consequences |
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Term
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Definition
-observe a model engage in behavior
-reinforce or punished
-cognitive association is learned between behavior and consequences
--learning is cognitive! |
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Term
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Definition
-both normal and abnormal skills
-normal: social skills
-abnormal: aggression, substance use, eating disorders |
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Term
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Definition
-modeling
-cope with troubling emotions
-training of social skills
-training of cognitive skills
-group therapy |
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Term
| Contemporary Topics in Psych |
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Definition
-Cross-cultural
-Gender
-Psychology of Religion
-Evolutionary Psych
-Positive Psych |
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Term
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Definition
-most theories of personality develeoped by whites with american samples
-cultural difference limit generalizablity |
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Term
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Definition
-theories of personality apply equally
-gender differences present
-sterotype accurarcy |
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Term
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Definition
-not given as much attention as warranted by social significance
-more attention in last 10-20 yrs |
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Term
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Definition
-sociobiology: evolution of social behaviors, thru adaptive
-interesting but speculative results
--physical attractiveness; yout, fertility, symetrical average facial features
--newborns more than older kids resemble fathers
--evolutionary explanations of alturis, homo, attraction to outsiders |
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Term
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Definition
-humanism had focus on positive activities
-last 10-20 yrs much emphais on
--religion, creativity, happiness,, love |
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Term
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Definition
cognitive-behavioral theorist
-emphasizes interaction of bothe environmental and personal factors |
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Term
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Definition
-personality is stable across situations
-evidence for stability fround in
--intelligence
--cognitive style (attempt to solve problem, categorize experiences)
--Self-reported traits
--behaviors across similar situations
---not across dissimilar
--honesty as self reported |
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Term
| Person-Situation Interactionism |
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Definition
-Person; individual factors that are stable and useful in prediction behaviro
-Situation; environmental factors that influence behavior
-use both individual/environmental factors to explain past behavior to predict future behavior |
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Term
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Definition
-Behaviorist; liked situation factors, underestimate personal facors
-Tradition; disliked situation facors, liked personal factors are stable |
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Term
| Stable cognitive factors - Mischel |
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Definition
-Competences; intelligence, verbal/spatial ability
-encoding statigies; how one classifies/organizes experiences
-expectancies; learned association between behavior and consequences
-subjective stimulus values; conditioning, one may have more positive or negative association with stimulus
-self-regulatory systems; how one tries to solve problems |
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Term
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Definition
-history; philosophers addressed mental processes, freud insight is important, unconscious more,
-not very influential during behaviorism |
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Term
| Rise of Cognitive psychology |
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Definition
-success of cognitive models in social psych
-dissatisfaction with radical behaviorism
-evidence of importance of cognitive factors
-rise came with; kelly, beck, ellis
-70's cognitive came well accepted
-80-90's more cognitive behaviorists than traditional |
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Term
| Cognitive psych assumptions |
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Definition
-cognitions
--are learner
--follow laws of learning
--chained to behaviors |
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Term
| Cognitive Personality theory |
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Definition
-like behavorism, with cognitions
-cognitive patterns are learned
-emphasis on psychopathology and psychotherapy
--psychopath: innaccurate, ineffective, irrational cognitions
--psychotherapy: change of cognitions to become more accurate/effective/rational |
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Term
| Cognitive Behavioral therapy |
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Definition
-Classical conditioning
--covert sensitization
-Covert counter conditioning
--desensitization using imagery |
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Term
| CBT - Instumental Conditioning |
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Definition
-Covert Punishment
-Covert Reinforcement
-Covert Rehearsal
-Covert Modeling |
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Term
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Definition
self talk, instruct in dealing with problems
-prepare to cope
-cope with physiological arousal
-cope with psychological arousal
-review performance
-effective with;
-pain management
-impulsivity, aggression |
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Term
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Definition
-define problem
-generate alternatives
-evaluate likely consequences
-select best option
-reevaluate
-effective with
-social problems (marriage, family)
-decision making (career, family)
-reentry problems (patients, prsioners)
-crisis intervention |
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