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Definition
| Describe, predict, explain and change behavior |
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| Interval, Ratio, Nominal and Ordinal |
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| Is your roommate clean? yes, no (terms) |
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| Ranked terms (not at all, somewhat, always) |
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| Scale of 1-10 (1, not at all-extremely)No absolute zero point. |
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| Roommate's cleanliness is operationalized as the # of times you've seen them clean the dorm room this week. An absolute zero point |
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Definition
| Choosing subjects from the population in such a way that every member of the population of interest has an equal chance of being selected for a study. |
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Definition
| Assigning subjects to the conditions of your experiment in a way that every subject has an equal chance of being assigned to any condition. |
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| The boundaries of intervals for scores represented on a continuous number line. |
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| Frequency Distributions help... |
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Definition
1. Tell you if scores are high or low
2. If scores are spread out or clustered
3. Where one's scores is relative to all other scores |
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Definition
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| Obtaining estimates of the intermediate values in a a frequency distribution table. |
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Definition
| How consistently does this measure what I want to measure? |
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Definition
| How well is this variable operationalized? |
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Definition
| On the face of it, does this measure reflect the construct? |
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Term
| Criterion-oriented Validity |
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Definition
| predictive, concurrent, convergent, discriminant. |
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| Predictive Validity (Example) |
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Definition
| Do GRE's predict success in grad school? |
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Term
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Definition
| Do scores on a measure relate to a particular criterion/expectation for behavior? (2 tests administered at same time) |
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Term
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Definition
| Do 2 operational definitions of the same construct relate to one another (at different times or studies)? |
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| Is the construct related to something it shouldn't be related to? |
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Definition
| Goal: To describe and understand particular social environments where people interact. |
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Definition
| Most frequently occurring score |
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Definition
| Middle score in distribution |
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Definition
| Average of scores in a distribution |
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Definition
| Gives level of confidence that true population value lies within the interval around the result generated using your sample. |
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Term
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Definition
| Every member of population has equal probability of being selected for the sample |
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| Stratified Random Sampling |
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Definition
-Population divided into subgroups
-Random sampling within each subgroup |
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Definition
| Random set of clusters of individuals identified |
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Term
| 8 Threats to Internal Validity |
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Definition
| History, Maturation, Regression to the mean, Testing Effects, Heterogeneous Attrition, Participant Reaction Biases, Experimenter Bias, Confounds |
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Term
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Definition
| Did the thing you manipulated (independent variable) actually affect the thing you measured (dependent variable)? |
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Term
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Definition
| Do your results generalize to the population your sample was supposed to represent? |
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Definition
| Specific events that happen during the study can affect the variable being measured |
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Definition
| Changes that happen when individuals as a function of time passing can affect the variable being measured |
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Definition
| The tendency for people get high scores on a particular measure to score closer to the mean if they are tested again (and vice versa) |
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Definition
| People tend to do better on a test the 2nd time they take it |
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Definition
| When different amounts of people or different types of people drop out of the conditions of the experiment |
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Term
| Participant Reaction Bias |
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Definition
| Subjects try to behave in ways that are consistent with or the opposite of the researcher's hypothesis |
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Definition
| Experimenters' expectancies, can affect either how they act with subjects or what they observe |
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Definition
| Some additional variable varies systematically along with the thing you manipulated; an alternative explanation |
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Definition
| The degree to which scores in a distribution vary from one another, defined in terms of distance |
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Definition
| Forms a standardized distribution that can be directly compared to other distributions |
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Term
| Standard normal distribution |
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Definition
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Term
| In a 3 x 3 factorial design, there are... |
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Definition
| 2 main effects, 1 interaction effect and 9 conditions possible |
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