Term
| what are psychological risks associated with the prenatal period? |
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Definition
| if the child is lost at this stage, there is a risk of the parent blaming themselves and then the physician. |
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Term
| what is the definition of infancy? |
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Definition
| before the child is able to verbalize - usually about the 1st year. |
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Term
| what are some developmental processes associated w/the infancy stage? |
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Definition
| determining location of sound, recognition of the mother's voice/milk, proprioception and grasping ability |
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Term
| what should a baby be able to do by 16 wks? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should a baby be able to do by 28 wks? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should a baby be able to do by 40 wks? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should a baby be able to do by 48 wks? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should a baby be able to do by ~12 mos? |
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Definition
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Term
| do infants have sleep patterns? what characterizes sleep patterns in infancy? |
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Definition
| no, just stages (however sleep/wake cycles have been reported in utero). *infancy is the only time when it is normal for a human to start w/REM sleep.* infants do not start sleeping at night until ~6 mos, but this is also when they are sleeping the longest during the day as well (~6 hrs). at 1 yr, infants sleep 12-15 hrs of the day (though not continuously). |
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Term
| what is one of the more primitive aspects of the human CNS observable in infants? |
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Definition
| positive response to rhythm |
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Term
| what are the 2 terms which refer to the parent's relationship w/the child and the child's relationship w/the parent? (*possible test question*) |
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Definition
| the parent *bonds w/the child. the child *attaches w/the parent. |
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Term
| what are transitional objects? |
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Definition
| a toy/blanket/etc which provides a sense of comfort from about 1 y/o until ~adolescence. |
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Term
| what defines the toddler years? |
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Definition
| 1-3 y/o. by this point the child can walk/run and is developing fine motor skills (such as the ability to feed oneself). |
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Term
| what characterizes the role of diet in toddlers? |
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Definition
| simply milk is no longer sufficient - toddlers need a more balanced diet which includes solid foods. |
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Term
| what characterizes toilet training of toddlers? |
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Definition
| this should start no earlier than 2 - but most toddlers are able to be potty trained by 2.5 y/o and bowel control is normally completely achieved by age 4. children should not be wetting the bed by the age of 6, however this can continue into adolescence. |
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Term
| why are they called the "terrible twos"? |
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Definition
| the child learns the word "no" |
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Term
| what characterizes sleep patterns of toddlers? |
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Definition
| typical: 12 hours of sleep at night along w/afternoon naps |
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Term
| how much sleep do adolescents needs? |
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Definition
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Term
| what level of vocabulary is consistent w/three y/o children? |
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Definition
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Term
| at what age is a child's inability to put words together considered a problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| what characterizes the emotional development of toddlers? |
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Definition
| children at this stage will seek out to be separate, have explosive tantrums, develop empathy/concern for others, develop a gender identity, start showing fears, and establish play w/others. |
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Term
| what characterizes preschool aged children? |
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Definition
| sibling rivalries may occur, recognition of "play" vs "reality", and awareness of sexual differences |
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Term
| what characterizes children 6-12? |
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Definition
| in this period of latency (calm before the storm), children begin to identify w/adults - particularly their same-sex parent, become more aware of others, and prefer to play w/children of the same sex. |
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Term
| what characterizes early adolescence? |
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Definition
| an awakening of libido, retained attachment to family, identification w/a particular group of peers, and rebellion (parents need to set limits). (females typically start this 2 years before males) |
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Term
| what characterizes mid/late adolescence? |
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Definition
| at this age, females/males are at approximately the same point of sexual development and they are thus very interested in sexuality - this may manifest as (unrequited) crushes. this is the peak of intellectual development (abstract thought) and at this age, morality/personal values are developed (independence). success at this stage is dependent on success w/earlier stages. |
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Term
| what characterizes early adulthood? |
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Definition
| major social roles are assumed, personal intimacy is sought (more serious sexual relationship, marriage), and sense of occupation. |
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Term
| what characterizes middle age? |
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Definition
| inventory is taken for each decade in terms of goal accomplishment, from which a mid-life crisis may result, then the "climacteric period" is met (prominent in women w/menopause). |
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Term
| what characterizes the late adult years? |
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Definition
| people at this point have hopefully reconciled their goals/accomplishments, challenges such as retirement, death of a partner, etc often occur. |
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