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Psych Flash Cards - Ch. 4
Stuff for the first test. Ch. 4.
18
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/01/2009

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Term
Evolutionary psychology
Definition
Attempts to explain psychological traits (memory, perception, language) as adaptations (function products of natural/sexual selection)
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
Evolutionary process through which adaptive traits are passed on to ongoing generations because these traits help animals survive and reproduce. Human traits are often identified as a result of the pressures afforded by this.
Term
Artificial selection
Definition
Evolutionary process through which desirable traits are selectively and strategically passed down through generations
Term
Mutation
Definition
A random error in gene replication that leads to a change
Term
Gender
Definition
In psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characteristics by which people define "male" and "female"
Term
Rosenzweig's experiment
Definition
Rats raised in enriched environments have thicker cortices
Term
Culture
Definition
Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next
Term
Peer influences
Definition
Children attempt to fit into a group by conforming - children learn to cooperate with others, gaining popularity, and developing interactions
Term
Parental influence
Definition
Largely genetic, based on own parenting model
Term
Norms
Definition
An understood rule for accepted and expected behavior, prescribing "proper" behavior
Term
Personal space
Definition
the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies
Term
Individualism
Definition
Giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications. Western/European quality.
Term
Collectivism
Definition
Giving priority to goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly. Generally an Asian-African quality.
Term
Aggression
Definition
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone. Physical associated with males, verbal associated with females.
Term
Gender roles
Definition
Expectations of how men and women are supposed to behave
Term
Gender identity
Definition
How a person views themselves in terms of gender
Term
Social Learning Theory
Definition
Theory proposing we learn gender behavior like any other behavior (reinforcement, punishment, and observation)
Term
Gender Schema Theory
Definition
Theory suggesting we learn a cultural recipe of how to be a male or female, which influences our gender-based perceptions and behaviors
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