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Definition
Set of enduring and stable behavioral responses that characterize the way a person reacts to their environment.
How someone behaves across a long period of time under many situations. |
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Personality:
Psychoanalytic Approach |
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Definition
Theories assume that personality is shaped by a number of inner conflicting forces. Sigmund Freud first developed this idea. |
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Personality:
Trait/ Genetic Approach |
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Definition
Made up of inherited traits largely form parents |
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Personality:
Humanistic approach |
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Definition
We all strive for perfection and out of this,
personality develops. Personality develops from desire to better ouselves and acheive self fufillment. Carl Rogers first developed this idea. Optimistic view of humans who he felt were inherently good, helpful, nondeceitful and understanding.
Completely opposite view from Freud. |
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Personality:
Cognitive/ Social Learning |
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Definition
Shaped by interactions with the environment and other external forces. (Peers for example) They believe personality can be changed. |
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Definition
Area of psych concerned with the study and treatment of psych disorders. |
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Four Behavioral signs of Psych Disorder: |
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Definition
1. Atypical
2. Disturbing
3. Maladaptive
4. Irrational |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
The most dangerous disorder for other people to be aroung someone with. Clinical Psychopaths.
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Signs Of Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
1. Display little/no guilt
2. Power Hungry
3. Incapable of being loyal
4. Disregard moral rules
5. Extremely selfish or arrogant
6. Get frusrated easily
7. Pathological liars
8. Bored easily
9. Well spoken
10. Above Avg. IQ's
11. Physically attractive
12. Lose friends quickly
13. Punishment doesn't affect behavior |
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Term
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Definition
Displays all characteristics of a psychopath and doesn't have any feeling of guilt whatsoever about there wrongdoings. |
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Definition
Displays all characteristics of being a psycopath but shows some tendencies of having guilt. |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder Theories:
Psychoanalytic approach |
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Definition
Proposes an underdeveloped or faulty superego is responsible due to parents inadequate teachings of good from bad. |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder Theories(ASPD):
Trait approach |
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Definition
Proposed that two personality traits combine to determine ASPD. Psycopaths tend to be low on neuroticism and high on extroversion. |
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Term
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Definition
Degree to which a person is easily aroused. Psycopaths are always underaroused |
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Term
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Definition
Degree to which a person is impulsive and sociable.
Psycopaths are high on this trait. |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder Theories:
Learned approach |
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Definition
Proposes that antisocial behaviors are learned from antisocial parents or role models. Specifically from father as 99% of psychopaths are men. |
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Antisocial Personality Disorder Theories:
Physiological approach |
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Definition
Proposes disorder is due to abnormality in central nervous system. Many psychopaths have EEG patterns similiar to children and may be due to a underdeveloped Amygdala.
Patients tend to be more docile as they get older. |
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Cures for Antisocial Personality Disorder |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Drilling holes in skull of patient and surgically destroying the frontal lobe portions of the cortex.
The medical community thought this was a cure for ASPD in the 1950's but it completly brain fried the patients. |
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Definition
| States that within human beings, as a response to experiences in the world, the nervous system creates physiological events such as muscular tension, a rise in heart rate, perspiration, and dryness of the mouth. Emotions, then, are feelings which come about as a result of these physiological changes, rather than being their cause. |
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Term
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Definition
Suggests that people feel emotions first and then act upon them. Formulated previous to the James Lang Theory which stated the opposite opinion. |
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Definition
| Developed by Frederick Herzberg, a psychologist who found that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction acted independently of each other. The theory states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. |
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Yerkes-Dodson Law of Arousal and Performance |
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Definition
Yerkes-Dodson law is an empirical relationship between arousal and performance. The law dictates that performance increases with physiological or mental arousal, but only up to a point. When levels of arousal become too high, performance decreases. |
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Definition
| Activities of the body not easily controlled by the conscious mind are compared under different circumstances. Usually this involves asking the subject control questions where the answers are known to the examiner and comparing them to questions where the answers are not known. Critics claim that use of a polygraphy has no scientific validity because it is not a scientific procedure. |
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Term
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Definition
Greek word meaning "purification", "purging", "cleansing" or "clarification. |
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Feel good Do good Phenomenon |
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Definition
According to this theory, you are more likely to help other people when you are already in a good mood. |
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Term
Adaptation level phenomenon |
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Definition
Tendency people have to quickly adapt to a new situation, until that situation becomes the norm. Once the new situation is normal, another new experience is needed -- it constantly raises the level for what is new or exciting as each new thing becomes the norm. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the mind which gives rise to a collection of mental phenomena that manifest in a person's mind but which the person is not aware of at the time of their occurrence. These phenomena include unconscious feelings, unnoticed perceptions, unconscious thoughts, unconscious habits and automatic reactions, complexes, hidden phobias and concealed desires. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Ego comprises that organised part of the personality structure that includes defensive, perceptual, intellectual-cognitive, and executive functions. Conscious awareness resides in the ego, although not all of the operations of the ego are conscious. The ego separates what is real. It helps us to organise our thoughts and make sense of them and the world around us. |
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Definition
The Super-ego aims for perfection. It comprises the organized part of the personality structure, that includes the individual's ego ideals, spiritual goals, and the psychic agency that criticizes and prohibits his or her drives, fantasies, feelings, and actions. |
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Definition
a group of largely unconscious (dynamically repressed) ideas and feelings which centre around the desire to possess the parent of the opposite sex and eliminate the parent of the same sex. Freud |
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Definition
A personality test designed to let a person respond to ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing hidden emotions and internal conflicts. Rorsach Inkblot test is an example. |
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Definition
Looks at history of cognitive biases throughout evolution. Such biases and heuristics over history could have only existed if they held at least slight reproductive benefits. The drive to reduce or manage costly reproductive errors is the root of the theory. |
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Term
Carl Rogers person centered perspective |
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Definition
In this technique, therapists create a comfortable, non-judgemental environment by demonstrating genuineness, mpathy, and unconditional positive regard toward their patients while using a non-directive approach. This aids patients in finding their own solutions to their problems. |
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Term
Big five factors of personality
(O.C.E.A.N.) |
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Definition
- Openness - appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, and variety of experience.
- Conscientiousness - a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement; planned rather than spontaneous.
- Extroversion - energy, positive emotions, urgency, and the tendency to seek stimulation
- Agreeableness - a tendency to be compassionate and cooperative towards others.
- Neuroticism - a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which one has learned to behave helplessly, even when the opportunity is restored for it to help itself by avoiding an unpleasant circumstance to which it has been subjected. Learned helplessness theory is the view that Clinical Depression results from a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation. |
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Definition
People tend to assume their features and behaviors are more salient to others than what they generally are. This is termed the Spotlight effect.The tendency to believe that other people are paying closer attention to one's appearance and behavior than they really are. |
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Definition
When people attribute their successes to internal or personal factors but attribute their failures to situational factors beyond their control. The self-serving bias can be seen in the common human tendency to take credit for success but to deny responsibility for failure |
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Term
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Definition
A compliance tactic that involves getting a person to agree to a large request by first setting them up by having that person agree to a modest request.
Ex: "Can I go over to Suzy's house for an hour?" followed by "Can I stay the night?" |
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Definition
an uncomfortable feeling caused by holding two contradictory ideas simultaneously. |
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Definition
| The process by which an individual's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors are influenced by other people. This is the result of subtle unconscious influences, or direct and overt social pressure. Conformity also occurs by the "implied presence" of others, or when other people are not actually present. For example, people tend to follow the norms of society when eating or watching television, even when they are at home by themselves. |
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Definition
The phenomenon of people making less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone. This is seen as one of the main reasons groups are sometimes less productive than the combined performance of their members working as individuals.
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Definition
Anti-normative behavior is released in groups in which individuals are not seen or paid attention to as individuals. The immersion in a group to the point at which the individual ceases to be seen as such.
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Definition
A social psychological term that relates to prejudice. According to this theory, people may be prejudice toward a group in order to vent their anger. In essence, they use the group they dislike as their target for all of their angerÂ…. |
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Definition
Tendency for people to want to believe that the world is fair so strongly that when they witness an otherwise inexplicable injustice they will rationalize it by searching for things that the victim might have done to deserve it. |
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Term
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Definition
Aggression is directed to and often originates from outside stimuli, but has a very distinct internal character. Using various techniques and experiments, scientists have been able to explore the relationships between various parts of the body and aggression. |
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Definition
Refers to behavior between members of the same species that is intended to cause pain or harm. |
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Definition
Violent video games are significantly associated with: increased aggressive behavior, thoughts, and affect; increased physiological arousal; and decreased pro-social (helping) behavior. |
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Definition
Refer to a quality to be the cause of the emotion of attraction in a person. An attraction emotion is an interest or desire in something or someone. |
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Definition
Unselfish concern for the welfare of others. |
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Definition
| Somewhat controversial name given to a social psychological phenomenon where individuals do not offer help in an emergency situation when other people are present. The probability of help has in the past been thought to be inversely proportional to the number of bystanders; the greater the number of bystanders, the less likely it is that any one of them will help. |
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