Germinal Stage

Embryonic Stage

Fetal Stage

0-2 weeks

Zygote

Rapid Cell Division

2-8 weeks

Embryo

Most Vulnerable stage because this is when major organs develope

8 weeks - birth

Fetus

Bone, muscle, and sex organs develope

showed importance of touch

Regular touch adds 50% survival rate to premature babies

Mary Ainsworth's Three forms of attachment

Secure- easily comforted when parents return, goes back to playing

Anxious-Ambivalent- not easily comforted, clings to parent for a while

Avoident- not upset when parent leaves, no reaction to parents return

Are infants needs usually met?

 l                                 l

yes                              no

l                                  l

      Secure                  child reacts with

                                  l                       l

                                         fear          defensiveness

fear= anxious-ambivalent

defensiveness= avoidant

Percentages of attachment types in

USA Germany and Japan

                      Secure/Anx-Ambiv/Avoidant

USA          67         12         21

Germany    35         13         52

Japan       68          32         0

Piaget

Sensorimotor:0-2 years; object permanence, scale errors

preoperational: 2-7 years; irreversibility, centration, egocentrism

concrete operations:7-11 years; conservation, heirarchical classifications

formal operations: 11 - adolescence; abstract thinking, systematic thinking and logic

trust vs mistrust: 1st year; are my needs being met?

autonomy vs shame/doubt: 2-3; can i do things by myself?

initiative vs guilt: 4-6; am i good or am i bad?

industry vs inferiority: 6-puberty;competant or worthless?

Identity vs confusion:adolescence; who am i?

intimacy vs isolation: early adult;can i form meaningful relationships?

generativity vs self absorption: middle age; is my life going to make a difference?

integrity vs despair:late adult; have i lived a full life?

Theory of identity development

Identity Diffusion: no crisis/no commitment; many identities

Identity Moratorium:yes crisis/no commitment; struggle to find one's identity

Identity Foreclosure: no crisis/ yes commitment; unquestioning acceptance of identity

Identity Achievement: yes crisis/ yes commitment; natural questioning of what you're told to be

preconventional level

conventional level

post conventional level

Punishment orientation: punishment=wrong,

not punished= right

Naive reward orientation: punishment=wrong,

reward=right

Good boy/girl orientation: right/wrong determined by the psychological approval of those we respect/admire

Authority orientation: right/wrong is based on society's rules and laws

social contract orientation: realize social law may be flawwed, questioning of those laws

Individual principles and conscience orientation: right/wrong determined by equity and justice.

authoritarian:excessive control, lack of responsiveness

indulgent-permissive:no control, high responsiveness

indifferent-uninvolved: low control, low responsiveness

authoritative:childen are independant, assertive, friendly

reevaluate career choice

search for meaning

empty ness syndrome vs adjustment

syndrome implies suffering

adjustment often implies a rediscovering of eachother

Decrease of: active neurons, sensory sensitivity, fluid intelligence.

Increase of: crystallized intelligence, new activities and identities

1:denial; cant happen to me

2:anger; toughest on cardiovascular health

3:bargaining; finding a way out, often prayer

4:depression; loss of will to live

5:acceptance; finding a way to move forward

6:shock; paralysis upon hearing news

7:testing; seeking control/ symptom reducer

6and7 are not Kublers

oral stage:0-1 years

anal stage:2-3 years

phallic stage:4-5 years;strong focus on genitals

latency stage:6-12 years; kids work on social skills

genital stage:puberty onward; establishing sexual relations

analytic psychology

though spiritual growth was the driving force of the unconcious

personal unconcious: same as freuds

Collective unconcious: psychological trats are pass on, as well as memories. (archetypes)

introversion: more interested in inner life/thoughts than outer life; choose reading over parties

extroversion: focus on outerworld, people, social

Individual psychology

thought driving force of unconcious is the need for superiority; always striving to be better than others

idea of Adlers

caused by mediocrity; causes far less happiness than being the best @ something

idea of adlers

For lack of physical abilities, adler made up for it by being brain smart

smaller boys tend to take karate

learning through punishment and reinforcement

good stuff gets rewarded

bad stuff gets punished

"do what you see"

learning by observing actions of others

admiring olfer brother, absorbs his traits

how well you think you are going to do at something

"whether you think you can or cant, you're right"

self concept: made up of ideal self and actualy self; in incongruent, may cause psychological problems

source of incongruency is based on conditional love or lack their of.

though traits are largely inherited, highest inheritability traits are:

Extroversion

Neuroticism

Psychotism

50% of personality traits are genetic

Judgement of others

Natural selection favors:

Reliability

Cooperation

Generosity

The Trait Perspective

O

C

E
A

N

Opennes: open to new experiences and ideas, explorative

Conscientiousness: highly reliable,careful,attentative

Extraversion: sociable, outgoing, talkative

Agreeableness: warm, friendly, trusting, empathetic

Neuroticism:Emotionally unstable, insecure

a disposition to act a certain way

over 4,000

durable and pervasive way of being

resistant to change over lifetime

ink blot test

psychologists look for reocurring themes/answers

3 components

Id= the part that seeks pleasure, entirely in uncocious

Superego= concious, right vs wrong principle

ego= balance between the two

conscious=what you are thinking about

preconscious=info you have access to if you want

unconscious= things you are unable to find; holds most info

repression:pushing thoughts to unconcious

regression: repressing child-like way of thinking

Reaction formation: acting completely opposite way

Rationalization: coming up with excuses

identification: identifying w/ person or group so you belong

projection: uncomfortable, so project onto others

displacement: displace emotion on someone else