Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 criteria for diagnosing someone: |
|
Definition
Deviant: diff from norm
Distressing: symptoms led to extreme discomfort
Dysfunctional: interupt life, can’t get thru the day |
|
|
Term
Culture plays a role in:
2 ex: |
|
Definition
expression and diagnosis
Ex: Pic of girl with “grisi siknis” only found in mosquito people of south central america. Its contagious. Not found in other cultures.
In US we have anorexia, it doesnt exist in asia and africa. |
|
|
Term
| Diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) |
|
Definition
Published by American Psychiatric Association.
The “bible” |
|
|
Term
| DSM classifies disorders into # of categories which are- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the major clinical syndromes that cause significant impairment
Syndromes- groups or cluseters of relatated symptoms that characterize a disorder. Believe that they dont match with personality/ How a person isn’t supposed to be. (anorexia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Syndromes- groups or cluseters of relatated symptoms that characterize a disorder. Believe that they dont match with personality/ How a person isn’t supposed to be. (anorexia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the more long-standing personality disorders (learning disability/mental retard). Just how a person is. |
|
|
Term
| the other three axis include: |
|
Definition
General medical conditions such as a Tumor pushing on amygdala
Environmental and psychosocial factors such as Divorce, death of loved one.
Global assessment of functioning |
|
|
Term
% of Americans have a diagnosable disorder this year.
%of US adults will suffer from a disorder during lifetime, of which # will suffer from -- |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anxiety disorders affect % of US population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is out of proportion to the situation and interferes with daily functioning |
|
|
Term
| Seven common forms of anxiety disorders: |
|
Definition
Generalized
Panic disorder
PTSD
Social
Obsessive-compulsive
impulse control |
|
|
Term
| Generalized anxiety disorder- |
|
Definition
state of pervasive and excessive anxiety lasting at least 6 months
More common in women than in men
Anxiety is lifelong and beginning point is usually indeterminable “worrywarts” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Breif episodes of anxiety associated with perceptions of threat |
|
|
Term
| Panic attacks are due from: |
|
Definition
• Fear of danger
• Inability to escape
• Embarrassment
• Specific objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 10 mins, may reoccur within 1 hour |
|
|
Term
| panic attack can be interpretted as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an anxiety disorder characterized by panic attacks and persistent anxiety about having more panic attacks. |
|
|
Term
| What type of feedback is the panic disorder? |
|
Definition
| positve feedback cycle: worry about having one, then they end up having one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult should a panic attack occur. (fears having panic attack in public) |
|
|
Term
| Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)- |
|
Definition
| an anxiety disorder triggered by exposure to a specific event that poses serious harm or threat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| war abuse rape natural disaster |
|
|
Term
| 3 categories of symptoms for PTSD? |
|
Definition
1. Re-experiencing the trauma
2. Avoiding thoughts, feelings, and activities associated with the trauma
3. Increased arousal (on edge) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, situation, or activity
1/8 people develop a phobia |
|
|
Term
| Social anxiety disorder (social phobia) |
|
Definition
| fear of humiliation in the presence of others, characterized by intense self-consciousness about appearance and/or behavior |
|
|
Term
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)- |
|
Definition
Anxiety disorder in which obsessive thoughts lead to compulsive behavior
superstitions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - an unwanted thought, word, phrase, or images, that persistently and repeatedly comes into a persons mind and causes distress |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges |
|
|
Term
| impulse control disorder- |
|
Definition
An anxiety disorder related to OCD in which a person feels an intense, repetitive desire to perform certain behaviors
ex: shopping, gambling, fire starting |
|
|
Term
| Nature/Nurture of anxiety disorders |
|
Definition
| Diatheisis-stress model- explains the origins of psychological disorders as a combination of biological predisposistions plus stress in the environment |
|
|
Term
| 3 biological factors combined with the environment to make for an anxiety disorder: |
|
Definition
Deficient in GABA neurotransmitter; GABA decreases fear
Genetic heritage 30-40% heritability of anxiety disorder
Personality-
People who are more neurotic are more susepetical to anxiety. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Caategory of disorders are characterized by distrubances in emotional behavior that inhibit daily functioning |
|
|
Term
| two major forms of mood disorders: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major depressive disorder |
|
Definition
pervasive low mood, lack of motivation, low energy, and feelings of worthlessness
must last 2 weeks
10% of US pop thruougout life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| form of depression that is milder in intensity but longer in duration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Abusive and extremely stressful environments
Biological disposition
Personality traits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mood disorder characterized by substantial mood fluctuations, cycling between very low and very high moods. (one extreme or another) • Includes periods of depression and periods of mania. Alot time the depression will last longer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| very high mood of bipolar disorder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Increased energy, sex drive, and sleeplessness
• Euphoria
• Irritability
• Delusions of grandeur (close w/famous people)
• Racing thoughts
• Express creativity during this. Convince others their at a high status. |
|
|
Term
| manic episodes start as -- but soon-- |
|
Definition
• Start as pleasant but spirals out of control
Primiscuity, can’t control what they say. |
|
|
Term
| do manic episodes or depressive episodes occur less frequently than the other? |
|
Definition
| o Manic episodes occur less freq than depressive episodes in bipolar disorder |
|
|
Term
| bipolar disorder effects men or women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a relatively mild but long lasting form of bipolar disorder. Cycle people go thru of manic episodes and depression. |
|
|
Term
| Nature/nurture of bipolar disorder examles |
|
Definition
o Fetuses exposed to alcohol have increased risk
o Genetic component is complex. (not straight forward) |
|
|
Term
| percent of having bipolar disorder if your identical twin has it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| People with bipolar disorder have abnormal brain areas and hormone production that include: |
|
Definition
• PFC
• Amydala
• Hippocampus
• Basal ganglia
o Low levels of serotonin and alternating levels of norepinephrine (bipolar). |
|
|
Term
“a person who smiles while telling a very disturbing story”
most likely has which disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| o Basic myth: split/multiple personalities (associative identity disorder) |
|
Definition
| o Truth: Difference between thoughts and actions. |
|
|
Term
| o Myth: schizo are dangerous |
|
Definition
| o Truth: not any more than avg person |
|
|
Term
| o Myth: schizo are unproductive |
|
Definition
| o True: 62% manage disease, thrive in independent living, employeed |
|
|
Term
| o Myth: can’t get better, must suffer |
|
Definition
| o True: not curable, but symptoms can be treated |
|
|
Term
| • Psychotic disorders definition and includes: |
|
Definition
disorders of thought and perception, characterized by inability to distinguish between what is real and what is imagined.
o Includes schizophrenia
o Drug induced psychosis, hallucinations that present signs of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
psychotic disorder characterized by disturbances in thought and emotion, specifically with perception.
o Literally means: “split mind” |
|
|
Term
| diagnosis of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
• Delusions
• Hallucinations
• Disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behavior, or catatonic behavior
• Negative symptoms
• At least one for 6 months and two present during 6 months. |
|
|
Term
| positive symptoms of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
• Positive symptoms (not good, but outward, can be seen) playing with hair
• Hallucinations
o Most common are auditory
• Delusional thinking
• Disorganized thought/speech |
|
|
Term
| negative symptoms of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
• Negative symptoms (suppressed, don’t see)
• Flat affect
o Person has no/shows no emotions
• Nonresponsiveness
• Catatonia
o Physically incapable of moving
• Inability to complete tasks. |
|
|
Term
| cognitive symptoms of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
• Cognitive symptoms
• Working memory
• Attention
• Verbal/visual learning and memory
• Reasoning and problem solving
• Speech (word salad)
o Grammar correct but off on random random tangent. Why picture has a headache- sperm and egg meet |
|
|
Term
| • Abuse and neglect in childhood increase likelihood of |
|
Definition
| suffering from schizophrenia later |
|
|
Term
| heritibility rate of Schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| 80-85% (genetic component) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Maternal infections (diseases/toxic substances)(might be during 2nd trimester), structural differences in brain (neurons are firing in chaos), role of dopamine (associated with reward and pleasure )
• Must have genetic makeup/biology to get schizophrenia, but the environment must be included as well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| o Psychological disorders characterized by extreme splits in memory, identity, or consciousness Out of body experiences/ feel outside. |
|
|
Term
| Dissociative disorders caused by: |
|
Definition
| highly traumatic experiences and biological predispositions |
|
|
Term
over 90% of people with Dissociative disorders had --
Researchers believe- |
|
Definition
had traumatic experience in life
• Researchers believe that during trama the person tries to remove themselves from a situation and project themself somewhere else triggering. |
|
|
Term
| o Dissociative identity disorder (DID)- |
|
Definition
| disorder in which a person develops at least two distinct personalities. |
|
|
Term
| most common Dissociative disorder |
|
Definition
| Dissociative identity disorder aka multiple personalities |
|
|
Term
| symptoms of Dissociative identity disorder |
|
Definition
• Amnesia
• Person only remembers what happens in that personality
• Self-destructive behaviors
• Auditory hallucinations
o Effects about 1/1000 people
o Women get it 3x more than men
o Personalities have their own unique personality, gender, and age, language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| o Somatoform disorders- disorders that take bodily or physical form and mimic physical diseases but have no medical basis. |
|
|
Term
| which axis in DSM are Somatoform disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Somatoform disorders are believed to be -- bc -- |
|
Definition
| o No evidence, belived to be neurological/psychological |
|
|
Term
| types of somatoform disorders |
|
Definition
somatization d.
hpochondriasis
cyberchondriacs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Somatization disorder- disorder in which a person complains of multiple physical disorders that have no known medical or physical basis |
|
|
Term
| Somatization disorder criteria: |
|
Definition
(not at all at same time, in cycles)
o History, over several years. Starts before age of 30
o 4 pain spots
o 2 gastrointestinal problems other than pain
o 1 sexual symptom (ED, no drive)
o 1 pseudoneurological symptom (temp. blindness, fainting) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypochondriasis- pervasive and debilitating fear of suffering from serious physical illness. |
|
|
Term
| Different from somatization disorder bc-- |
|
Definition
| they’re not experiencing the symptoms they are just afriad with getting sick |
|
|
Term
| behaviors of people with hypochondriasis |
|
Definition
o Obession with, misperception of, and exaggeration of physical symptoms of a disease.
o Go to a bunch of doctors bc they dont belive them when they think something is wrong.
o Connect symptoms creatively with bigger symptoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| look up the symptoms online bc of webmd continuely finding new diseases. Self diagnosis. |
|
|
Term
| personality disorders are in axis -- in DSM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Personality Disorders (PDs)- |
|
Definition
| patterns of maladaptive and inflexible congnitions, emotions, and behavior Thoughts,feelings, and behaviors are extreme variants found in healthy functioning people. |
|
|
Term
| o Three clusters of personality D. |
|
Definition
• Cluster A: odd-eccentric
• Cluster B: dramatic-emotional
• Cluster C: Anxious-fearful |
|
|
Term
| disorders in cluster A odd eccentric |
|
Definition
schizoid
schizotypal
paranoid |
|
|
Term
| Schizotypal personality disorder- |
|
Definition
| char by: live in isolation without social contact and odd thoughts/beliefs. |
|
|
Term
| Schizotypal believe and tend to: |
|
Definition
• Tend to believe they have magical thinking. Think what the news is reporting is about them, they can read minds, predict future.
• Have higher rates of relatives with schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by: avoid close relationships, emotional aloofness, reclusively, and lack of humor |
|
|
Term
| • Find no pleasure or fun in any activities |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is schizoid PD more in males or females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paranoid personality disorder |
|
Definition
| char by extreme suspicions of others. |
|
|
Term
| behaviors of people with paranoid PD |
|
Definition
• Not getting promoted- they’ll hold a huge grudge for a long time.
• Trust issues. Put people through tests. Have trouble with romantic relationships bc they think mate will cheat. |
|
|
Term
| disorders in cluster B Dramatic-emotional PD |
|
Definition
histrionic PD
Borderline PD
Narcissitic PD
Antisocial PD |
|
|
Term
| Histrionic personality disorder |
|
Definition
| the desire to be the center of attention and dramatic behaviors. |
|
|
Term
| does Histrionic PD happen more in males or females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Behaviors/ thoughts of people with histrionic PD |
|
Definition
• Use seduction
• No self worth
• Flamboyant, keep people wrapped around their finger
• Thought process: no self worth. Act differently than what they’re feeling. Put on a huge show when people are around. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emotional instability, fear of abandonment, and alternations between idealizing and despising others. |
|
|
Term
| behaviors or thoughts of ppl with borderline PD |
|
Definition
• Put people in doghouse, and then later they want them back.
• Self harm |
|
|
Term
| is borderline PD more in males or females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much of population suffer from borderline PD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narcissistic personality disorder |
|
Definition
| having an extremely positive and arrogant self-image and behaving self-centered. |
|
|
Term
| behaviors/thoughts of ppl with Narcissistic PD |
|
Definition
• Believe they are god’s gift to the world- better than the rest.
• Talk about themselves, think about themselves
• Ignore the needs of others, don’t show that they care. Turn subject around to talk about themselves
• Don’t nec. Make a scene/ put on a show. |
|
|
Term
| o Antisocial personality disorder- |
|
Definition
| impulsivity, deception, violence, ruthlessness, and callous behaviors toward others. |
|
|
Term
| Antisocial personality disorder is similar to -- but is in -- |
|
Definition
| • Similar to borderline, but this is found in Males. |
|
|
Term
| 45-70% of who have antisocial personality disorder |
|
Definition
| inmates convicted of violent crimes have this disorder |
|
|
Term
| What disorders are in cluster C: Anxious- fearful PDs |
|
Definition
o Avoidant personality disorder
o Dependent personality disorder
o Obsessive- compulsive PD |
|
|
Term
| Avoidant personality disorder- |
|
Definition
| extreme fear of being criticised, low self esteem and avoidance of social interaction |
|
|
Term
| behaviors/thoughts of people with avoidant PD |
|
Definition
• Work from home,
• Scared of being rejected/criticized by people |
|
|
Term
| Dependent personality disorder- |
|
Definition
| characterized by fear of being rejecting and a strong need to be cared for |
|
|
Term
| behaviors/thoughts of dependent PD ppl: |
|
Definition
• Codependency, attachment, strong need to be cared for.
• When someone is needy- the person that is being latched on to will reject them, the needy person becomes more needy (positive feedback system) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - rigid habits and extreme perfectionism |
|
|
Term
ADHD
Ausbergers Syndrome
Autism- |
|
Definition
|
|
