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Psych chapter 9
Chapter 9 for intro to psych exam 2
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/23/2011

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Term
Intelligence
Definition
The ability to think, to learn from experience, to solve problems, and to adapt to new situations.
Term
Language
Definition
The system of communication that uses symbols in a regular way to create meaning.
Term
General intelligence factor (g)
Definition
The construct that the different abilities and skills measured on intelligence tests have in common.
Term
Specific intelligence (s)
Definition
A measure of a specific skill in a narrow domain.
Term
Triarchic (three-part) theory of intelligence
Definition
A theory proposed by Robert Sternberg that suggests that people may display more or less analytical intelligence, and practical intelligence.
Term
Standardization
Definition
Administering a test to a large number of people at different ages and computing the average score on the test at each age level.
Term
Flynn effect
Definition
The observation that scores on intelligence tests worldwide have increased substantially over the past decades.
Term
Mental age
Definition
The age at which a person is performing intellectually.
Term
intelligence quotient (IQ)
Definition
A measure of intelligence that is adjusted for age
Term
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Definition
The most widely used intelligence test for adults.
Term
Personnel selection
Definition
The use of structured tests to select people who are likely to perform well at given jobs.
Term
Emotional Intelligence
Definition
The ability to identify, assess, manage, and control one's emotions.
Term
Normal distribution (or bell curve)
Definition
the pattern of scores usually observed in a variable that clusters around its average.
Term
Mental retardation
Definition
a generalized disorder mostly found in males, ascribed to those who have an IQ below 70, who have experienced deficits since childhood, and who have trouble with basic life skills, such as dressing and feeding oneself and communicating with others.
Term
Down syndrome
Definition
A chromosomal disorder leading to mental retardation and caused by the presence of all or part of an extra 21st chromosome.
Term
Eugenics
Definition
The misguided proposal that one could improve the human species by encouraging or permitting reproduction of only those people with genetic characteristics judged desirable.
Term
Stereotype threat
Definition
Performance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes.
Term
Phoneme
Definition
The smallest unit of sound that makes a meaningful difference in a language (like a letter)
Term
Morpheme
Definition
A string of one or more phonemes that make up the smallest units of meaning in a language (like a word)
Term
Syntax
Definition
The set of rules of a language that is used to construct sentences.
Term
Contextual information
Definition
Information surrounding language that is used to help interpet it.
Term
Critical period
Definition
A time in which learning can easily occur.
Term
Plasticity
Definition
The brain's ability to develop new neural connections.
Term
Broca's area
Definition
An area of the brain in front of the left hemisphere near the moto cortex that is responsible for language production.
Term
Wernicke's Area
Definition
An area of the brain next to the auditory cortex that is responsible for language comprehension.
Term
Aphasia
Definition
A condition in which language functions are severely impaired.
Term
Babbling
Definition
Engaging in intentional vocalizations that lack specific meaning.
Term
Generativity
Definition
The fact that speakers of a language can compose sentences to represent new ideas that they have never before been exposed to.
Term
Deep structure
Definition
How an idea is represented in the fundamental universal grammar that is common to all languages.
Term
Surface structure
Definition
How an idea is expressed in any one language.
Term
Bilingualism
Definition
The ability to speak 2 languages.
Term
Lingusitic relativity
Definition
The idea that language and its structures influence and limit human thought.
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