Term
| Crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| the accumulation of information, skills, and strategies that are learned through experience and can be applied in problem-solving situations |
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| intelligence that reflects information-processing capabilities, reasoning and memory |
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| The single, general factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence |
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| Practical intelligence: According to Sternberg, intelligence related to overall success in living. |
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| Intelligence: The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges. |
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| Theory of multiple intelligences |
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| Gardner’s intelligence theory that proposes that there are eight distinct spheres of intelligence. |
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| : The set of skills that underlie the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions. |
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| Intelligence tests: Tests devised to quantify a person’s level of intelligence. |
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| The age for which a given level of performance is average or typical. |
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| Intelligence quotient (IQ) |
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Definition
| A score that takes into account an individual’s mental and chronological ages. |
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Definition
| The property by which tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure. |
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Definition
| The property by which tests actually measure what they are supposed to measure. |
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| Standards of test performance that permit the comparison of one person’s score on a test with the scores of other individuals who have taken the same test. |
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Term
| Mental retardation (or intellectual disability) |
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Definition
| A condition characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. |
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Definition
| The most common cause of mental retardation in newborns, occurring when the mother uses alcohol during pregnancy. |
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| Mental retardation in which no apparent biological defect exists but there is a history of retardation in the family. |
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| The 2%-4% segment of the population who have IQ scores greater than 130. |
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| A test that does not discriminate against the members of any minority group. |
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| A measure of the degree to which a characteristic is related to genetic, inherited factors. |
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