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Psych Chapter 8
Kagan and Segal's Psychology Chapter 8 (Emotions/Drivers)
34
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
11/29/2009

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Term
Motives
Definition
The psychologically potent ideas that direct behavior toward goals such as power over others, friendship, and achievment.
Term
Drives
Definition
Physiological states (such as hunger, thirst, and fatigue) that have a pronounced effect on behavior.
Term
Emotion
Definition
Changes in physiology that are evaluated cognitively and may lead to a change in conscious feeling.
Term
Cortisol
Definition
A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland.
Term
Habituated
Definition
Accustomed to a stimulus.
Term
James-Lange Theory
Definition
A physiologically based theory of emotion suggesting that stimuli in the environment set off physiological changes in an individual and these are followed by the perceived conscious emotion, which results from the perception of feed-back of those changes.
Term
Canon-Bard Theory
Definition
A neurologically based theory of emotion suggesting that stimuli in the environment set off patterns in the hypothalamus and these patterns cause bodily changes in emotion and conscious awareness of the feelings of emotion simultaneously.
Term
Cognitive Theory
Definition
A contemporary theory of emotion suggesting that the mind plays a commanding role in emotion and leads the individual to appraise and interpret events that occur in the environment.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
A state of equilibrium or balance in any physiological system.
Term
Hunger
Definition
A major drive caused by lack of food.
Term
Thirst
Definition
A major drive caused by lack of water.
Term
Set Point
Definition
An innate physiological mechanism that keeps an individual's body weight at a genetically "programmed" level.
Term
Glycogen
Definition
The "animal starch" in the liver that is converted from glucose in the blood after eating.
Term
Fat Cells
Definition
Cells designed for the storage of fatty compounds.
Term
Incentives
Definition
The stimuli that arouse a drive or motive.
Term
Insulin
Definition
A hormone secreted by the pancreas that metabolizes blood sugar to provide the body with energy.
Term
Emotional Stress
Definition
The wear and tear on the body created by the physical changes that result from emotional states.
Term
Alpha Rhythm
Definition
A pattern of brain waves with a dominate frequency of about 9 to 13 waves per second, usually occuring when the person is relaxed, with eyes closed.
Term
Myoclonic Jerk
Definition
A sudden spasm in the body caused by a tiny burst of brain activity.
Term
Sleep Stages (I, II, III, IV)
Definition
The levels of sleep from light to very deep, charcterized by changes in the brain waves.
Term
Delta Sleep
Definition
The deep sleep of Stage IV, indicated by large but slow delta brain waves
Term
REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Sleep
Definition
The period of the sleep cycle during which the brain waves resemble those associated with the waking state and the eyes dart rapidly under closed eyelids.
Term
Paradoxical Sleep
Definition
Another term for REM sleep, referring to the fact that the brain waves resemble those associated with the walking state but the muscles of the body are in almost totally relaxed state.
Term
Menopause
Definition
The time in a woman's life when the ovaries cease to function and messtruation ends.
Term
Sexual Orientation
Definition
The attraction felt toward persons of a given sex.
Term
Heterosexual
Definition
Sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex.
Term
Homosexual or Same-sex-oriented
Definition
Sexually attracted to members of the same sex.
Term
Bisexual
Definition
Sexually attracted to members of both sexes.
Term
Achievement Motivation
Definition
The urge to attain optimal levels of performance on valued tasks.
Term
Affiliation Motivation
Definition
The desire to be around other people and have close relationships with them.
Term
Dependency Motivation
Definition
The desire to rely on others.
Term
Motivation for Certainty
Definition
The desire to feel at home in one's world, to know where one stands, and to avoid the discomfort of unfamiliar and surprising events.
Term
Motivation to Meet Standards
Definition
The desire to live up to inner standards acquired from parents, other adults, and society in general.
Term
Ego Ideal
Definition
Our notion of how we would always think and act if we were perfect.
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