Term
| Why are there very few animal studies on hormones and mood? |
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Definition
Why are there very few animal studies on hormones and mood?
because it's hard to ask an animal about its mood
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Term
What normal changes associated with the menstrual cycle are associated with what other changes in women?
Known as ___ ___ . |
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Definition
What normal changes associated with the menstrual cycle are associated with what other changes in women?
Known as Perimenstrual Syndrome.
- normal changes in steroid hormone concentrations associated w/ changes in behavior and feelings of women |
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Term
Perimenstrual syndrome is a direct result of what?
It involves __ chnages caused by __ changes.
What other type of factors influence PMS independent of hormones? |
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Definition
Perimenstrual syndrome is a direct result of what?
It involves physiological chnages caused by endocrine changes.
What other type of factors influence PMS independent of hormones?
- hormones
- cognitive factors, including social expectations
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Term
| 6 symptoms of depression. |
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Definition
6 symptoms of depression.
- reduced mood
- low self esteem
- feelings of worthlessness
- general fatigue
- feelings of guilt
- disturbances in sleep
- agitated or retarded motor symptoms |
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Term
| Describe the agitated or retarded motor symptoms of depression. |
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Definition
Describe the agitated or retarded motor symptoms of depression.
- pacing, hand-wringing, slow body movements, slow speech -- more severe, delusions and hallucinations
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Term
What is primary depression?
Name and define 2 types. |
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Definition
What is primary depression?
Name and define 2 types.
- occurs in absence of other psychological or physical problems
- Major depression: very severe symptoms that last chronically for at least 2 weeks
- Dysthymia: less severe symptoms that last much longer, minimum 2 years
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Term
| Define and describe Secondary depression. Include 5 types of depressives that fall under 2ndary dep. |
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Definition
Define and describe Secondary depression. Include 5 types of depressives that fall under 2ndary dep.
- Dep. that results from some other physiological or psychological condition.
- short-lived & exhibit a benign outcome
- normal, reactive, neurotic, exogenous, or justified depressives |
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Term
| Define bipolar & unipolar depression and give the mechanism for it. |
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Definition
Define bipolar & unipolar depression and give the mechanism for them.
- Bipolar: depression in presence of at least one episode of mania (elevated mood)
- Unipolar: no manic episodes, worded as depressed 'affect' not 'depression'
- Psychological mechanisms may differ |
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Term
| What is the stage between normal and depression? Between normal and mania? |
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Definition
What is the stage between normal and depression? Between normal and mania?
- melancholia
- hypomania
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Term
| What scale is used to assess depression? |
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Definition
What scale is used to assess depression?
- Hamilton rating scale
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Term
Upon administration of TRH, what is the normal pathway response?
What is different in the response of depressed patients? |
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Definition
Upon administration of TRH, what is the normal pathway response?
What is different in the response of depressed patients?
- TRH causes TSH release from the Anterior Pituitary which causes release of thyroid hormones (from thyroid).
- thyroid response to TSH lower in dep. patients |
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Term
What are 2 impairments with regard to growth hormone (GH) in depressed patients?
2 elevated responses? |
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Definition
What are 2 impairments with regard to growth hormone (GH) in depressed patients?
2 elevated responses?
- impaired GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia
- impaired GH response to serotonin stimulation
- TRH causes increased GH
- elevated blood plasma prolactin |
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Term
Describe cortisol production in depressed patients.
When are cortisol levels highest? When do they peak in normal people? What problem does this suggest? |
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Definition
Describe cortisol production in depressed patients.
When are cortisol levels highest? When do they peak in normal people? What problem does this suggest?
- cort production excessive in almost 50% of depressed patients
- highest 3-4 hrs after sleep onset; decrease throughout daylight hrs
- normally peak in early morning
- problem with ACTH regulation?
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Term
How does cortisol normally interact with insulin? Does this happen in depressed patients?
What dexamethasone therapy was tried to fix this? Did it work? |
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Definition
How does cortisol normally interact with insulin? Does this happen in depressed patients?
What dexamethasone therapy was tried to fix this? Did it work?
- counteracts hypoglycemic effects of insulin
- no
- inject 1-2 mg at midnight
- failed to suppress cort production in 46% of depressed patients |
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