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Definition
| an awareness of one's surroundings and of what's in one's mind at a given moment; includes aspects of being awake |
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| degre of alertness reflecting whether a person is awake or asleep |
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| monitoring the information from the environment of one's own thoguhts |
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| the state of minimal consciousness in which the eyes might be open, but the preson is otherwise unresponsive |
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| the state of consciousness when the eyes are closed and the perosn is unresponsive and unarousable |
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| a heightened awareness of the present moment, whether of events in one's environment or in one's mind |
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| the limited capacity to process information that is under conscious control |
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| the ability to focus awareness on specific features in the environment while ignoring others |
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| the ability to maintain focused awareness on a target or idea |
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| practices that people use to calm the mind, stabilize concentration, focus attention, and enhance awareness of the present moment |
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| the variations in physiological processes that cycle within approximately a 24-hour period, including the sleep-wake cycle |
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| pattern of brain activity when one is awake; a rapid, low-energy wave |
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| form of sleep with few eye movements, which are slow rather than fast |
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| rapid eye movements (REM) |
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Definition
| quick movements of the eye that occur during sleep, thought to mark phases of dreaming |
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Definition
| pattern of brain activity when one is relaxed and drowsy; slower, higher-energy waves than beta waves |
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| pattern of brain activity during Stage 1 sleep; slower, lower-energy waves than alpha waves |
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| type of brain activity that dominates Stage 3 sleep; higher energy than theta wave |
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Definition
| a sleeep difficulty characterized by difficulty falling & staying asleep, as well as not feeling rested |
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Term
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Definition
| sleep difficulty that results from temporary blockage of the air passage |
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Definition
| sleep difficulty characterized by activites occuring during non-REM sleep that usuallt occur when one is awake, such as walking and eating |
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Definition
| sleep disorder characterized by daytime sleepiness and weakness in facial and limb muscles |
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| sleep difficulty characterized by sleeping more than 10 hours a day for 2 weeks or more; includes the urge to nap during inapporpriate times |
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| images, thoughts, and feelings experienced during sleep |
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| Freud's surface level of dreams, recalled upon walking |
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Definition
| Freud's deeper unconscious level of dreams; their meaning is found at this level |
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Definition
| three biologically based demensions of consciousness- Activation, Input, & Mode |
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| state characterized by focused attention, suggestibility, absorption, lack of voluntary control over behavior, and suspension of critical faculties; occurs when instructed by someone trained in hypnosis |
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| delay in reaction time when color of words on a test and their meaning differ |
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Term
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Definition
| naturally occuring and synthesized substances that, when ingested or otherwise taken into the body, reliably produce qualitative changes in conscious experience |
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| substances that decrease and slow down central nervous system activity |
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| hunger, thirst, and sexual motivation |
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| planning, abstract thinking, and reasoning |
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| substances that activate the nervous system |
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| substances that create distorded preceptions of reality ranging from mild to extreme |
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Definition
| natural, marijuana-like substances produced by the body |
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Definition
| the abilityto store and use information; also the store of what has been learned and remembered |
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Term
| three-stage model of memory |
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Definition
| classification of memories based on duration as sensory, short-term, and long-term |
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Definition
| the part of memory that holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time, usually about a half second or less |
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Definition
| the part of the memory that tempoarily (for 2-30 sec) stores a limited amount of information before it is either transferred to long-term storage or forgotten |
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| the part of the memory that has the capacity to store a vast amount of information for as little as 30 seconds and as long as a lifetime |
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| the part of the memory required to attend to and solve a problem at hand; often used interchangeably with short-term memory |
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| the process of breaking down a list of items to be remembered into a smaller set of meaningful units |
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| the process of repeatdly practicing material so that it enters long-term memory |
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| the tendency to have better recall for items in a list according to their position in the list |
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Definition
| kind of memory made up of knowledge based on previous experience, such as skills that we preform automatically once we have mastered them; resides outside conscious awareness |
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Definition
| kind of memory made up of implicit knowledge for almost any behavior or physical skill we have learned |
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Definition
| a kind of implicit memory that arises when recall is improved by earlier exposure to the same or sismilar stimuli |
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| knowledge that consits of the conscious recall of facts and events; also known as declarative memory |
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| form of memory that recalls facts and general knowledge, such as what we learn in school |
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| form of memory that recalls the experiences we have had |
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Definition
| the process by which the brain attends to, takes in, and integrates new information; the first stage of long-term memory formation |
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Definition
| encoding of information that occurs with little effort or conscious attention to the task |
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| encoding of information that occurs with careful attention and conscious effort |
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| the concept that the more deeply people encode information, the better they will recall it |
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| a method devised to help remember information, such as a rhyme or acronym |
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| the retention of memory over time; the third stage of long-term memory formation |
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| a way of organizing related pieces of information from the most specific feature they have in common to the most general |
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| the process of establishing, stabilizing, or solidifying a memory; the second stage of long-term memory formation |
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Definition
| mental frameworks that develop from our experiences with particular people, objects, or events |
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Definition
| the recovery of information stored in the momory; the fourth stage of long-term memory |
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Definition
| the front-most region of the frontal lobes that plays an important role in attention, appropriate social behavior, impulse control, and working memory |
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Definition
| strengthening of a synaptic connection that results when synapse of one neuron repeatedly fires & excites another neuron |
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| disruption of memory because new experiences or information cause people to forget previously learned experiences or information |
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Definition
| disruption of memory because other information competes with the information we are trying to recall |
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Definition
| disruption of memory because previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information |
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Definition
| the weakening or loss of memories over time |
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Definition
| most common type of forgetfulness due to the fleeting nature of some memories |
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| a graphic depiction of how recall steadily declines over time |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to retrive some information once it is stored |
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| a formof blocking, in which retrieval of memories that have been encoded and stored is actively inhibited |
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| a form of forgetfulness that results from inattention |
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Definition
| belief that memory came from one source when in fact it came from another |
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Definition
| selective recall of past events to fit our current beliefs |
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Definition
| the repeated recall of pleasant or unpleasant experiences even when we actively try to forget them |
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Definition
| problem with memory that occurs when memories are implanted in our minds based on leading questions, comments, or suggestions by someone else or some other source |
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Definition
| a memory from a real event that was encoded, stored, but not retrieved for a long period of time until some later event brings it suddenly to consciousness |
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Definition
| memories for events that never happened, but were suggested by someone or something |
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Definition
| memory loss due to brain injury or disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the inability to remember events and experiences that occur after an injury or the onset of a disease |
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Term
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Definition
| an inability to recall events or experiences that happened before the onset of a disease or injury |
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