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Psych 105 - Chapter 8 Vocab
Chapter 8 of Psych 105
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
01/19/2010

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Term
Norms
Definition
Rules that regulate human life, including social conventions, explicit laws and implicit cultural standards
Term
Role
Definition
A given social position governed by a set of norms for proper behaviour.
Term
Culture
Definition
A program of shared rules that govern the behaviour of members of a community or society, and a set of values, beliefs and attitudes shared by most members of that community.
Term
Entrapment
Definition
A gradual process in which individuals escalate their commitment to a course of action to justify their investment of time, money or effort.
Term
Social Cognition
Definition
An area in social psychology concerned with social influences on thought, memory, perception and other cognitive processes.
Term
Attribution Theory
Definition
The theory that people are motivated to explain their own and others' behaviours by attributing causes of that behaviour to a situation or disposition
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
The tendency, in explaining others behaviour, to overestimate PERSONALITY factors and underestimate the influence of the SITUATION.
Term
Situational Attribution
Definition
Identifying the cause of an action as something in the situation or environment
Term
Dispositional Attribution
Definition
Identifying the cause of an action as something in the person, such as a trait or a motive.
Term
Fundamental Attribution Error
Definition
The tendency in explaining other people’s actions, to overestimate personality factors and underestimate the influence of the situation.
Term
Self Serving Bias:
Definition
The tendency, in explaining our own behaviour, to take credit for our good actions and rationalize our mistakes
Term
Group Serving Bias:
Definition
The tendency to explain favourably the behaviour or members of groups to which we belong
Term
Just-World Hypothesis:
Definition
The notion that many people need to believe that the world is fair and justice is served; that bad people are punished and good people are rewarded.
Term
Attitude:
Definition
is a belief about people, groups, ideas, or activities
Term
Implicit Attitude:
Definition
Implied – we are unaware of them, they may influence our behaviour, and are measured in indirect ways – Originate from past, forgotten events.
Term
Explicit Attitude:
Definition
We are aware of them, they shape our conscious decisions and actions, and they can be measured on self-report questionnaires. – Originate from recent experiences and conscious beliefs
Term
Cognitive Dissonance:
Definition
The uncomfortable feeling that occurs when two attitudes, or an attitude and behaviour, are in conflict.
Term
Friendly Persuasion:
Definition
Result of social influence – efforts by others to get us to change our minds by using subtle manipulation and sometimes coercion.
Term
Coercive Persuasion aka Brainwashing:
Definition
Designed to suppress an individual’s ability to reason, think critically, and make choices in his own best interest.
Term
Validity Effect aka The Big Lie:
Definition
The tendency of people to believe that a statement is true or valid simply because it has been repeated many times. Endorsement by an admired or attractive person Association of the message with a good feeling
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