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| learning by observing others and imitating their behavior |
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| learning that occurs but is not demonstrated until there is incentive to do so |
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| the tendency for an animal to drift back from a learned operant response to an innate, instinctual response to an object |
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| a decrease in an intrinsically motivated behavior after the behavior is extrinsically reinforced and then the reinforcement discontinued |
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| the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake |
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| the desire to perform a behavior for external reinforcement |
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| a law describing the relationship between the amount of arousal and the performance quality on a task- increasing arousal up to some optimal level increases performance quality on a task, but increasing arousal past this point is detrimental to performance |
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| the theory of motivation which proposes that our behavior is motivated to maintain an optimal level of physiological arousal |
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| a theory of motivation which proposes that our behavior is motivated by incentives, external stimuli that we have learned to associate with reinforcement |
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| a theory of motivation which proposes that our behavior is motivated yo reduce drives created by unsatisfied bodily needs to return the body to a balanced internal state |
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| the set if integral and external factors that energize our behavior and direct it toward goals |
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| variable-interval schedule |
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| a partial schedule of reinforcement in which the time that must elapse on each trial before a response will lead to the delivery of a reinforcer varies from triall to trial |
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| a partial schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered after the first response is given once a set interval of time has elapsed |
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| a partial schedule of reinforcement in which the number of responses it takes to obtain a reinforcer varies on each trial but averages |
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| a partial schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered each time a fixed number of responses are made. the fixed number can be any number greater than one |
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| partial-reinforcement effect |
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| the finding that operant responses that are reinforced on partial schedules are more resistant to extinction that those reinforced on a continuous schedule |
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| partial schedule of reinforcement |
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| reinforcing the desired operant response only part of the time |
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| continuous schedule of reinforcement |
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| reinforcing the desired operant response each time it is made |
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| giving the operant response in the presence of stimuli similar to the discriminative stimulus. the more similar the higher that response rate |
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| learning to give the operant response only in the presence of the discriminative stimulus |
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| the stimulus that has to be present for the operant response to be reinforced |
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| the temporary recovery of the operant response following a break during extinction training |
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| the diminishing of the operant response when it is not longer reinforced |
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| the strengthening of a reinforced operant response |
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| a record of the total number of operant responses over time that visually depicts the rate of responding |
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| training a human or animal to make an operant response by reinforcing successive approximations of the desired response |
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| the application of classical and operant conditioning principles to eliminate undesirable behavior and teach more desirable behavior |
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| a stimulus that gains its reinforcing property through learning |
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| a stimulus that is innately reinforcing |
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| punishment in which an appetitive stimulus is removed |
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| reinforcement in which an aversive stimulus is removed |
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| punishment in which an aversive stimulus is presented |
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| reinforcement in which an appetitive stimulus is presented |
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| the process by which the probability of a response is decreased by the presentation of a punisher |
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| the process by which the probability of a response is increased by the presentation of a reinforcer |
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| a stimulus that decreases the probability of a prior response |
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| a stimulus that increases the probability of a prior response |
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| a principle developed by Edward Thorndike that says that any behavior that results in satisfying consequences tends to be repeated and that any behavior that results in unsatisfying consequences tends not to be repeated |
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| learning to associate behaviors with their consequences. behaviors that are reinforced will be strengthened, and behavior that are punished will be weakened. |
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| the elicitation of the conditioned response only by the the conditioned stimulus or only by a small set of highly similar stimuli that includes the conditioned stiumus |
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| the elicitation of the conditioned response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. THe more similar the stimulus the stronger the response |
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| a partial recovery of strength of the conditioned response following a break during extinction training |
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| the diminishing of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus |
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| acquiring a new response to the conditioned stimulus |
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| a classical conditioning procedure in which the conditioned stimulus precedes the unconditioned stimulus but is removed before the unconditioned stimulus is presented so the two stimuli do not occur together |
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| a classical conditioning procedure in which the conditioned stimulus precedes the unconditioned stimulus and remains present until after the unconditioned stimulus is presented so that the two stimuli occur together |
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| the response that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning |
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| the stimulus that comes to elicit a new response |
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| the response in a reflex that is automatically elicited by the unconditioned stimulus |
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| the stimulus in a reflex that automatically elicits and unconditioned response |
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| a stimulus-response pair in which the stimulus automatically elicits the response |
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| acquiring a new response to a previously neutral stimulus that reliably signals the arrival of an unconditioned stimulus |
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