Term
|
Definition
| The branch of psychology that studies the effects of social variables and cognitions on individual behavior and social interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The combination of (a) people, (b) the activities and interactions among people, (c) the setting in which behavior occurs, and (d) the expectations and social norms governing behavior in that setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The view that environmental conditions may influence people's behavior as much or more than their personal dispositions do, under some circumstances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A psychological orientation that focuses primarily on the inner charictaristics of individuals, such as personality dispositions, values, character, and genetic makeup. Contrasted with situationism, the focus is on external causes of behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of persons in a given setting or group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for its members' attitudes and behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Knowledge about the sequence of events and actions that is expected in a particular setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency to mimic other people, named after the Chameleon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of conformity in which a group majority influences individual judgments of unambiguous stimuli, as with line judgments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency for people to adopt the behaviors, attitudes, and opinions of other members of a group |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The perceived motion of a stationary dot of light in a totally dark room. Used by Muzafir Sherif to study the formation of group norms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An area of research that uses methodologies from brain sciences to investigate various types of social behavior, such as stereotyping in prejudice, attitudes, self-control, and emotional regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term for the poor judgments and bad desicions made by members of groups that are overly influenced by perceived group consensus or the leader's point of view |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solidarity, loyalty, and a sense of group membership |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| People whose actions help others in emergencies or challenge unjust or corrupt systems, doing so without concern for reward or likely negative consequences for them by acting in deviant ways |
|
|
Term
| Bystander Intervention Problem |
|
Definition
| Laboratory and field study analogues of the difficulties faced by bystanders in real emergency situations |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion of Responsibility |
|
Definition
| Dilution or weakening of each group member's obligation to act when responsibility is perceived to be shared with all group members or accepted by the leader |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The group with which an individual identifies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Those outside the group with which an individual identifies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual's subjective interpretation of other people and of one's relationships with them |
|
|
Term
| Reward Theory of Attraction |
|
Definition
| A social learning view that predicts we like best those who give us maximum rewards at minimum cost |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The notion that people at work will make more friends among those who are nearby - with those with whom they have the most contact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The notion that people are attracted to those who are most similar to themselves on significant dimensions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sharing of personal information and feelings to another person as a part of the process of developing trust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The prediction that most people will find friends and mates that are perceived to be of about their same level of attractiveness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A social psychology theory that states how people decide whether to pursue a relationship by weighing the potential value of the relationship against their expectations of success in establishing the relationship |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A highly motivating state in which people have conflicting cognitions, especially when their voluntary actions conflict with their attitudes or values. Leon Festinger was its originator |
|
|
Term
| Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) |
|
Definition
| The dual tendency to overemphasize internal, dispositional causes, and minimize external, situational pressures. The FAE is more common in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An Attributional pattern in which one takes credit for success but denies responsibility for faliure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A temporary and highly emotional condition based on infatuation and sexual desire |
|
|
Term
| Triangular Theory of Love |
|
Definition
| A theory that describes various kinds of love in terms of three components: passion (erotic attraction), intimacy (sharing feelings and confidences), and commitment (dedication to putting this relationship first in one's life). Developed by Robert Sternberg |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A negative attitude toward an individual based solely on his or her membership in a particular group or category, often without and direct evidence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A negative action taken against an individual as a result of his or her group or categorical membership. It is the behavior that prejudice generates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The perceived difference or similarity between oneself and another person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blaming an innocent person or a group for one's own troubles and then discriminating against or abusing them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The psychological process of thinking about certain other people or groups as less than human, as like feared or hated animals. A basic process in much prejudice and mass violence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The negative effect on performance that arises when an individual becomes aware that members of his or her group are expected to perform poorly in that domain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Influences on behavior that come from top-down sources in the form of creating and maintaining various situations that in turn have an impact on actions of individuals in those behavioral contexts. |
|
|
Term
| Stanford Prison Experiment |
|
Definition
| Classic study of institutional power in directing normal, healthy college student volunteers playing randomly assigned roles of prisoners and guards to behave contrary to their dispositional tendencies, as cruel guards or pathological prisoners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Report issued by one of the official investigations of Abu Ghraib Prison abuses, headed by James Schlesinger, former Secretary of Defense. It highlighted the social psychological factors that contributed to creating an abusive environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prison in Iraq made famous by revelation of photos take by Army Reserve MP guards in the acts of humiliating and torturing prisoners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of tormenting others, in school classrooms or work settings, by one or more others, for personal, sadistic pleasure. It qualifies as a form of ordinary or everyday evil |
|
|
