Term
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Definition
| more than the absence of disease – an evolving human resource that helps children and adults adapt to the challenges of everyday life, resist infections, cope with adversity, feel a sense of personal well-being, and interact with their surroundings in ways that promote successful development |
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Term
| - Call for a broader perspective on health promotion and disease prevention is guided by the following 3 steps: |
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Definition
o Experiences are built into our bodies and significant adversity early in life can produce physiological disruptions or embedded biological “memories” that persist far into adulthood and lead to lifelong impairments in both physical and mental health
o Genes & experiences interact to determine and individual’s vulnerability to early adversity. Environmental influences appear to be at least if not more powerful than genetic predispositions in their impact on the odds of having chronic health problems later in life
o Health promotion and disease prevention policies focused on adults would be more effective if evidence-based investments were also made to strengthen foundations of health and mitigate the adverse impacts of toxic stress in prenatal and early childhood |
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Term
| - New actions must be guided by an understanding of 4 interrelated dimensions that together comprise a new framework for improving physical and mental well-being: |
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Definition
o Biology of health
o Foundations of health
o Caregiver and community capacities to promote health and prevent disease/disability
o Public and private sector policies and programs that influence health outcomes by strengthening caregiver and community capacities |
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Term
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Definition
| – advances in science that explain how experiences and environmental influences “get under the skin” and interact with genetic predispositions, which then result in various combinations of physiological adaptation and disruption that affect lifelong outcomes in learning, behaviour, and both physical and mental well-being |
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Term
| the foundations of health - refers to 3 domains of influence that establish a context within which the early roots of physical and mental well-being are either nourished or disrupted |
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Definition
o A stable and responsive environment of relationships
o Safe and supportive physical, chemical, and built environments
o Sound and appropriate nutrition |
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Term
| early experiences and exposures can affect adult health in 2 ways |
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Definition
| by the chronic wear and tear of repeated damage over time or by the biological embedding of specific physiological disruptions during sensitive developmental periods |
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Term
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Definition
o Securely attached infants show more positive emotion and less anxiety
o Lack of consistent responsiveness disrupts what has been called the serve and return interaction between infants and adults that is fundamental to the development of healthy brain architecture |
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Term
| effective self-regulation and sleep cycles |
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Definition
o Early experiences stimulate a wide variety of nerve transmissions that activate different parts of the brain and other body systems
o Inadequate amounts of sleep in infants leads to disruptive behaviour problems, diminished cognitive performance, and greater risk for unintentional injuries
o Poor sleep is associated with obesity in later childhood and early adulthood |
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Term
| healthy stress response systems |
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Definition
o Responsive caregiving plays a key role in the normal maturation of the neuroendocrine system
o Variations in the quality and quantity of maternal care that a mother received in her own early life can affect how genes are turned on or off in her own offspring
o Early maternal care leaves a signature on the genes of her offspring that carry the instructions for the development of physiological and behavioural responses to adversity |
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Term
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Definition
| o Children cared by individuals who are available and responsive develop well-functioning immune systems that are better equipped to deal with initial exposures to infections and to keep dormant infections in check over time |
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Term
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Definition
o Low-level exposures to toxic chemicals before or shortly after birth often produce more damaging and longer-lasting harm than exposures at higher levels in later childhood or adult life
o Brain is especially vulnerable to environmental toxicity |
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Term
| physical and built environments |
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Definition
o Built environment – availability of food choices and options for health eating
o Children in communities with parks and playgrounds tend to be more physically active
o Collective efficacy or social capital has been linked to lower rates of childhood obesity, better adult mental health, and reduced crime rates |
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Term
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Definition
1. Time and commitment: nature and quality of time spent with children and on their behalf
2. Resources: both financial (economic ability to purchase goods/services) and psychological, emotional, and social (physical and mental health, parenting style)
3. Skills and Knowledge: human capital acquired through education, training, interactions with child-related professionals, and personal experiences |
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Term
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Definition
o Health and safety requirements for early care and education programs
o Create more physical features of a community (sidewalks, bicycle trails parks)
o Laws and safety regulations for commercial products
o Policies that regulate the chemical environments in which children grow and develop |
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Term
| temporary epigenetic chemical modificiations |
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Definition
| control when and where most of our genes are turned on and off. However, certain experiences can also cause enduring epigenetic modifications in genes that are identified and growing |
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Term
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Definition
| • When young children experiences serious fear-triggering events, they learn to associate that fear with the context and conditions that accompanied it |
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Term
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Definition
| moderate, short-lived stress responses such as brief increases in heart rate or mild changes in the body’s stress hormone levels |
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Term
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Definition
| stress responses that have the potential to negatively affect the architecture of the developing brain but generally occur over limited time periods that allows the brain to recover and reverse harmful effects |
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Term
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Definition
| strong, frequent or prolonged activation of the body’s stress management system; chronic, uncontrollable and/or experienced w/o kids having supports from caring adults |
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Term
| sympathetic adrenomedullary system (SAM) |
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Definition
| which produces adrenaline in the central part of the adrenal gland |
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Term
| hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical system |
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Definition
| which produces cortisol in the outer shell of the adrenal gland |
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Term
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Definition
| production occurs in response to acute stress, alters blood flow, stores energy, it’s release is essential to survival |
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Term
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Definition
| produced in response to stress, helps brain cope effectively; enhances memory and activates immune responses; supports many other bodily functions |
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Term
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Definition
| anything in the environment that knocks the body out of homeostasis; the stress response is the array of physiological adaptations that reestablish balance |
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Term
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Definition
| its central to aggression (underlying the fact that aggression can be rooted in fear); |
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Term
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Definition
| characterized by helplessness, despair, exhausted sense of being too overwhelmed to do anything, loss of feeling of pleasure |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a recovery of a response following a stressor |
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Term
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Definition
| involves multiple behaviour and physiological systems which help the organism restore and maintain homeostasis when pertubed |
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Term
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Definition
| component of the stress response system & regulator of social and emotional behaviour |
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Term
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Definition
| product of a cascade of hormones produce by the L-HPA system |
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Term
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Definition
| “the processes that maintain and regulate sustained social relationships” |
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Term
| internal working model of attachment theory |
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Definition
| constructed as early biological regulatory interactions become linked to later-developing memories, expectations, and affect states by the many associations of physical and psychological events during this developmental transition period between infancy and childhood |
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