1.  Training a rat to press a bar involves:

  a) reinforcing successive approximations to the desired behavior

  b) response shaping

  c) differential reinforcement of correct vs incorrect responses

  d) all of the above

3. In the terminology of instrumental learning, praise, acknowledgment, and smiling are all ______________.

  a) primary reinforcers       c) secondary reinforcers

  b)  social reinforcers d) rare in dysfunctional families

4.  In the terminology of instrumental learning, what kind of reinforcer are such things as gold stars, stickers, or tokens,  as given in everyday life.

a.primary reinforcersc.  social reinforcers

b. secondary reinforcers d.  unconditioned stimuli

5. A rat in a Skinner box learns to associate the sound of the food dispenser with the delivery of a food pellet;  and then the rat bar presses even though the only reward is the sound of the food hopper. This is an example of:

a) trial and error learningc) superstitious learning

b) secondary reinforcementd) discrimination learning

6. Identify the three main elements of instrumental learning:

 a) response    c) conditioned stimulus    e) conditioned response      g) motivation

 b) reinforcer d) discriminative stimulus   f) secondary reinforcer        h) incentive

 a) response  b) reinforcer d) discriminative stimulus

11.  Avoidance training should lead to a (an)________in the frequency of the target response;  punishment  should lead to a (an) _______ in the target response; extinction should lead to a (an)__________

a) increase;  increase; increase           c) increase; increase; decrease

b) increase;  decrease; decrease           d) increase;  decrease; increase

1.In the Skinner box, what is the discriminative stimulus (the S^D) ?

1.In the Skinner box, what is the instrumental response? 

1.In the Skinner box, what is the the likely reinforcer? 

2. In the maze the Morris water maze, to be specific) 

The S^D is what?   

2. In the maze the Morris water maze, to be specific)  

The instrumental response is ..?

2. In the maze the Morris water maze, to be specific)

The reinforcer is..?

3. In delayed response task:

The S^D is what? 

3. In delayed response task:

The response is …?

3. In delayed response task:

The reinforcer is …?

What kind of association did Thorndike, Hull, and other habit learning theorists say was learned?

a. discriminative stimulus-to-response

b. discriminative stimulus-to-reinforcer

c. drive-reinforcer

d. stimulus to response to reinforce

The cognitive approach to instrumental learning, as opposed to the behavioral approach, emphasizes:

a. the acquisition of habits and responses

b. trial and error

c. flexibility and rapid adaptability when reward conditions change

d. objective (overt) stimuli, response and reinforcers

The term that most precisely describes learning as an association between a reponse and a consequence is

a. classical conditioning

b. instrumental learning

c. postive reinforcement

d. insight learning

Action slips or action errors are more likely...

a. to occur when we are in new and unfamiliar situations or places

b. due to a lack of practice or training, so naturally we make a mistake

c. are associated with absentmindedness

d. all of the above

In reward training, what aspects of the rewards increase the eddectiveness of the rewards during acuisition training? Better rewards are ones that are...

a.) given immediately, larger, and given every time the response occurs

b.) after a delay, smaller, and given sometimes

In the terminology of instrumental learning, food, water, and escaping from electric shock are all:

a.primary reinforcers c.  social reinforcers

b. secondary reinforcers d.  unconditioned stimuli